并不是每個人都會選擇做講師來傳授linux知識，所以呢，大概率上大家不需要掌握全部的命令，只需要熟記一張圖即可：
但是學徒耗費了大量的心力已經整理好了，值得分享給大家，當然，排版也很辛苦。
Linux Commands
M
m4
Macro processor.
宏處理器
Utility to compose, receive, send, forward, and reply to emails.
用于撰寫，接收，發(fā)送，轉發(fā)和回復電子郵件的工具。
mailq
Shows to list all emails queued for delivery (sendmail queue).
列出所有待發(fā)送的電子郵件（sendmail隊列）。
mailstats
Shows current mail statistics.
顯示當前郵件統(tǒng)計信息
mailto
Used to send mail with multimedia content in MIME format.
用于發(fā)送MIME格式的多媒體內容的郵件
make
Utility to maintain groups of programs, recompile them if needed.
用于維護程序組的實用程序，在需要時進行重新編譯
makedbm
Creates an NIS (Network Information Services) database map.
創(chuàng)建NIS（網絡信息服務）數據庫映射
makemap
Creates database maps used by the keyed map lookups in sendmail.
創(chuàng)建數據庫映射，用于sendmail 命令中的關鍵字映射查詢
man
Shows manual pages for Linux commands.
顯示Linux命令的幫助文檔
manpath
Determine search path for manual pages.
確定幫助的搜索路徑
mattrib
Used to change MS-DOS file attribute flags.
用于更改MS-DOS文件屬性標志
mbadblocks
Checks MD-DOS filesystems for bad blocks.
檢查MD-DOS文件系統(tǒng)是否存在壞區(qū)塊
mcat
Dump raw disk image.
轉儲原始磁盤映像
mcd
Used to change MS-DOS directory.
用于更改MS-DOS目錄
mcopy
Used to copy MS-DOS files from or to Unix.
用于從Unix復制MS-DOS文件或復制至Unix系統(tǒng)
md5sum
Used to check MD5 checksum for a file.
對文件進行md5值校驗
mdel, mdeltree
Used to delete MS-DOS file. mdeltree recursively deletes MS-DOS directory and its contents.
用于刪除MS-DOS文件。mdeltree遞歸刪除MS-DOS目錄及其內容。
mdir
Used to display an MS-DOS directory.
用于顯示MS-DOS目錄。
mdu
Used to display the amount of space occupied by an MS-DOS directory.
用于顯示MS-DOS目錄占用的空間量
merge
Three-way file merge. Includes all changes from file2 and file3 to file1.
三向文件合并，將file2和file3的所有更改寫至file1
mesg
Allow/disallow osends to sedn write messages to your terminal.
設置當前終端的寫權限，即是否讓其他用戶向本終端發(fā)信息
metamail
For sending and showing rich text or multimedia email using MIME typing metadata.
使用MIME鍵入元數據發(fā)送和顯示大量文本或多媒體電子郵件。
metasend
An interface for sending non-text mail.
用于發(fā)送非文本郵件的界面。
mformat
Used to add an MS-DOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk.
用于將MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)添加到低水平格式化的軟盤
mimencode
Translate to/from MIME multimedia mail encoding formats.
MIME多媒體郵件編碼格式的轉換
minfo
Display parameters of an MS-DOS filesystem.
顯示MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)的參數
mkdir
Used to create directories.
用于創(chuàng)建目錄。
mkdosfs
Used to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux.
用于在Linux下創(chuàng)建MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)。
mke2fs
Used create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.
使用創(chuàng)建ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)。
mkfifo
Used to create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given names.
用于創(chuàng)建具有給定名稱的命名管道（FIFO）
mkfs
Used to build a Linux filesystem on a hard disk partition.
用于在硬盤分區(qū)上構建Linux文件系統(tǒng)。
mkfs.ext3
Same as mke2fs, create an ext3 Linux filesystem.
與mke2fs相同，創(chuàng)建一個ext3 Linux文件系統(tǒng)。
mkisofs
Used to create an ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS hybrid filesystem.
用于創(chuàng)建ISO9660 / JOLIET / HFS混合文件系統(tǒng)
mklost+found
Create a lost+found directory on a mounted ext2 filesystem.
在已掛載的ext2文件系統(tǒng)上創(chuàng)建一個lost + found目錄。
mkmanifest
Makes a list of file names and their DOS 8.3 equivalent.
制作文件名列表及其等效的DOS 8.3
mknod
Create a FIFO, block (buffered) special file, character (unbuffered) special file with the specified name.
創(chuàng)建指定類型和名稱的特殊文件
mkraid
Used to setup RAID device arrays.
用于設置RAID設備陣列。
mkswap
Set up a Linux swap area.
設置Linux交換區(qū)域
mktemp
Create a temporary file or directory.
創(chuàng)建臨時文件或目錄。
mlabel
Make an MD-DOS volume label.
可設定磁碟的標簽 (Label)
mmd
Make an MS-DOS subdirectory.
創(chuàng)建一個MS-DOS子目錄
mmount
Mount an MS-DOS disk.
掛載MS-DOS磁盤
mmove
Move or rename an MS-DOS file or subdirectory.
移動或重命名MS-DOS文件或子目錄。
mmv
Mass move and rename files.
批量移動和重命名文件。
modinfo
Show information about a Linux kernel module.
顯示有關Linux內核模塊的信息。
modprobe
Add or remove modules from the Linux kernel.
從Linux內核中添加或刪除模塊。
more
Display content of a file page-by-page.
逐頁顯示文件內容。
most
Browse or page through a text file.
瀏覽或翻閱文本文件
mount
Mount a filesystem.
掛載文件系統(tǒng)。
mountd
NFS mount daemon.
NFS掛載守護程序
mpartition
Partition an MS-DOS disk.
對MS-DOS磁盤進行分區(qū)
mpg123
Command-line mp3 player.
命令行mp3播放器
mpg321
Similar to mpg123.
與mpg123相似
mrd
Remove an MS-DOS subdirectory.
刪除MS-DOS子目錄。
mren
Rename an existing MS-DOS file.
重命名現有的MS-DOS文件。
mshowfat
Show FTA clusters allocated to a file.
顯示分配給文件的FTA簇
mt
Control magnetic tape drive operation.
控制磁帶驅動操作
mtools
Utilities to access MS-DOS disks.
用于訪問MS-DOS磁盤的實用程序
mtoolstest
Tests and displays the mtools configuration files.
測試并顯示mtools配置文件
mtr
A network diagnostic tool.
網絡診斷工具
mtype
Display contents of an MS-DOS file.
顯示MS-DOS文件的內容
mv
Move/rename files or directories.
移動/重命名文件或目錄
mzip
Change protection mode and eject disk on Zip/Jaz drive.
更改保護模式并彈出Zip / Jaz驅動器上的磁盤
Linux Commands
N
named
Internet domain name server.
互聯網域名服務器
namei
Follow a pathname until a terminal point is found.
列出一個路徑中所有的成分，包含符號連接
nameif
Name network interfaces based on MAC addresses.
根據MAC地址命名網絡接口
nc
Netcat utility. Arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens.
Netcat實用程序。任意TCP和UDP連接和偵聽。
netstat
Show network information.
顯示網絡信息
newaliases
Rebuilds mail alias database.
重建郵件別名數據庫
newgrp
Log-in to a new group.
登錄新組
newusers
Update/create new users in batch.
批量更新/創(chuàng)建新用戶
nfsd
Special filesystem for controlling Linux NFS server.
用于控制Linux NFS服務器的特殊文件系統(tǒng)
nfsstat
List NFS statistics.
列出NFS統(tǒng)計信息
nice
Run a program with modified scheduling priority.
以指定的優(yōu)先級運行命令，這會影響相應進程的調度
nl
Show numbered line while displaying the contents of a file.
展示文件內容時顯示行號
nm
List symbols from object files.
列出目標文件中的符號
nohup
Run a command immune to hangups.
使命令免于掛起
notify-send
A program to send desktop notifications.
用于發(fā)送桌面通知的程序
nslookup
Used performs DNS queries. Read this article for more info.
用于查找域名服務器的程序
nsupdate
Dynamic DNS update utility.
動態(tài)DNS更新實用程序
Linux Commands
O
objcopy
Copy and translate object files.
復制和翻譯目標文件
objdump
Display information from object files.
顯示目標文件中的信息
od
Dump files in octal and other formats.
以八進制和其他格式轉儲文件
op
Operator access, allows system administrators to grant users access to certain root operations that require superuser privileges.
操作員訪問權限，允許系統(tǒng)管理員授予用戶對需要超級用戶權限的某些根操作的訪問權限。
open
Open a file using its default application.
使用其默認應用程序打開文件
openvt
Start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
在新的虛擬終端（VT）上啟動程序
Linux Commands
P
passwd
Change user password.
更改用戶密碼
paste
Merge lines of files. Write to standard output, TAB-separated lines consisting of sqentially correspnding lines from each file.
將文件按行合并，寫至標準輸出保持行的順序不變并以TAB進行分割
patch
Apply a patchfile (containing differences listing by diff program) to an original file.
對原始文件打補?。ò琩iff程序的差異列表）
pathchk
Check if file names are valid or portable.
檢查文件名是否有效或可移植
perl
Perl 5 language interpreter.
Perl 程序語言解釋器
pgrep
List process IDs matching the specified criteria among all the running processes.
列出匹配特定條件的正在運行的進程ID。
pidof
Find process ID of a running program.
查找正在運行的程序的進程ID。
ping
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.
將ICMP ECHO_REQUEST發(fā)送到網絡主機
pinky
Lightweight finger.
finger命令的輕量級版本
pkill
Send kill signal to processes based on name and other attributes.
根據名稱和其他屬性終止進程
pmap
Report memory map of a process.
報告進程的內存映射
popd
Removes directory on the head of the directory stack and takes you to the new directory on the head.
刪除目錄堆棧的目錄
portmap
Converts RPC program numbers to IP port numbers.
將RPC程序編號轉換為IP端口號
poweroff
Shuts down the machine.
關機
pppd
Point-to-point protocol daemon.
點對點協議守護程序
pr
Convert (column or paginate) text files for printing.
轉換（列或分頁）文本文件以進行打印
praliases
Prints the current system mail aliases.
打印當前系統(tǒng)郵件別名。
printcap
Printer capability database.
打印機功能數據庫
printenv
Show values of all or specified environment variables.
顯示所有或特定環(huán)境變量的值
printf
Show arguments formatted according to a specified format.
顯示根據指定格式設置的參數
ps
Report a snapshot of the current processes.
報告當前進程的快照
ptx
Produce a permuted index of file contents.
生成文件內容的置換索引
pushd
Appends a given directory name to the head of the stack and then cd to the given directory.
將特定的目錄名稱附加到堆棧的頭部，切換至特定目錄
pv
Monitor progress of data through a pipe.
通過管道監(jiān)控數據進度
pwck
Verify integrity of password files.
驗證密碼文件的完整性
pwconv
Creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing shadow.
從passwd和可選的現有shadow文件創(chuàng)建shadow文件。
pwd
Show current directory.
顯示當前工作目錄。
python
Linux Commands
Q
quota
Shows disk usage, and space limits for a user or group. Without arguments, only shows user quotas.
顯示用戶或組的磁盤使用情況和空間限制。沒有參數時，只顯示用戶配額
quotacheck
Used to scan a file system for disk usage.
用于掃描文件系統(tǒng)以查找磁盤使用情況
quotactl
Make changes to disk quotas.
更改磁盤配額
quotaoff
Enable enforcement of filesystem quotas.
關閉用戶的磁盤空間的限制
quotaon
Disable enforcement of filesystem quotas.
用來開啟用戶的磁盤空間的限制
quotastats
Shows the report of quota system statistics gathered from the kernel.
顯示從內核收集的配額系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計信息的報告
Linux Commands
R
raidstart
Start/stop RAID devices.
啟動/停止RAID設備
ram
RAM disk device used to access the RAM disk in raw mode.
RAM磁盤設備，用于以原始模式訪問RAM磁盤
ramsize
Show usage information for the RAM disk.
顯示RAM磁盤的使用信息
ranlib
Generate index to the contents of an archive and store it in the archive.
生成存檔內容的索引并將其存檔
rar
Create and manage RAR file in Linux.
在Linux中創(chuàng)建和管理RAR文件
rarpd
Respond to Reverse Address Resoultion Protocol (RARP) requests.
響應反向地址解析協議（RARP）請求
rcp
Remote copy command to copy files between remote computers.
遠程復制命令，可在遠程計算機之間復制文件
rdate
Set system date and time by fetching information from a remote machine.
通過從遠程計算機獲取信息來設置系統(tǒng)日期和時間
rdev
Set or query RAM disk size, image root device, or video mode.
查詢/設置內核映像文件的根設備，RAM 磁盤大小或視頻模式
rdist
Remote file distribution client, maintains identical file copies over multiple hosts
遠程文件分發(fā)客戶端，在多個主機上維護相同的文件副本
rdistd
Start the rdist server.
啟動rdist服務器
read
Read from a file descriptor.
從標準輸入中讀取一行，并把輸入行的每個字段的值指定給 shell 變量
readarray
Read lines from a file into an array variable.
將文件按行讀入數組變量
readcd
Read/write compact disks.
讀/寫光盤
readelf
Shows information about ELF (Executable and Linkable fomrat) files
顯示有關ELF（可執(zhí)行文件和可鏈接的fomrat）文件的信息。
readlink
Display value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.
輸出符號鏈接值或權威文件名
readonly
Mark functions and variables as read-only.
將函數和變量標記為只讀
reboot
Restart the machine.
重啟
reject
Accept/reject print jobs sent to a specified destination.
拒絕發(fā)送到指定目的地的打印作業(yè)
remsync
Synchronize remote files over email.
通過電子郵件同步遠程文件
rename
Rename one or more files.
對一個或多個文件重命名
renice
Change priority of active processes.
更改活動進程的優(yōu)先級
repquota
Report disk usage and quotas for a specified filesystem.
報告特定文件系統(tǒng)的磁盤使用情況和配額
reset
Reinitialize the terminal.
對終端再次初始化
resize2fs
Used to resize ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.
用于調整ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)的大小
restore
Restore files from a backup created using dump.
從使用dump創(chuàng)建的備份中還原文件
return
Exit a shell function.
從shell函數中返回
rev
Show contents of a file, reversing the order of characters in every line.
顯示文件的內容，顛倒每行中的字符順序
rexec
Remote execution client for exec server.
exec服務器的遠程執(zhí)行客戶端
rexecd
Remote execution server.
遠程執(zhí)行服務器
richtext
View “richtext” on an ACSII terminal.
在ACSII終端上查看“richtext”
rlogin
Used to connect a local host system with a remote host.
用來連接當前本地主機系統(tǒng)到遠端的主機系統(tǒng)
rlogind
Acts as the server for rlogin. It facilitates remote login, and authentication based on privileged port numbers from trusted hosts.
充當rlogin的服務器。它有助于遠程登錄和基于來自可信主機的特權端口號的身份驗證
rm
Removes specified files and directories (not by default).
刪除指定的文件和目錄，對目錄執(zhí)行命令需加額外的參數
rmail
Handle remote mail received via uucp.
處理通過uucp收到的遠程郵件
rmdir
Used to remove empty directories.
用于刪除空目錄
rmmod
A program to remove modules from Linux kernel.
從Linux內核中刪除模塊的程序
rndc
Name server control utility. Send command to a BIND DNS server over a TCP connection.
控制名稱服務器的操作，通過TCP連接將命令發(fā)送到BIND DNS服務器。
rootflags
Show/set flags for the kernel image.
顯示/設置內核映像的標志
route
Show/change IP routing table.
顯示/更改IP路由表
routed
A daemon, invoked at boot time, to manage internet routing tables.
在啟動時調用的守護程序，用于管理網絡路由表
rpcgen
An RPC protocol compiler. Parse a file written in the RPC language.
RPC協議編譯器。解析用RPC語言編寫的文件
rpcinfo
Shows RPC information. Makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports the findings.
顯示RPC信息。對RPC服務器進行RPC調用并報告結果
rpm
A package manager for linux distributions. Originally developed for RedHat Linux.
Linux發(fā)行版的包管理器，最初是為RedHat Linux開發(fā)的
rsh
Remote shell. Connects to a specified host and executes commands.
遠程shell。連接到指定的主機并執(zhí)行命令。
rshd
A daemon that acts as a server for rsh and rcp commands.
一個守護程序，充當rsh和rcp命令的服務器
rsync
A versitile to for copying files remotely and locally.
遠程和本地在Linux / Unix系統(tǒng)中復制和同步文件和目錄的最常用命令
runlevel
Shows previous and current SysV runlevel.
顯示上一個和當前的SysV運行級別
rup
Remote status display. Shows current system status for all or specified hosts on the local network.
遠程狀態(tài)顯示。顯示本地網絡上所有或指定主機的當前系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)
ruptime
Shows uptime and login details of the machines on the local network.
顯示本地網絡上計算機的正常運行時間和登錄詳細信息。
rusers
Shows the list of the users logged-in to the host or on all machines on the local network.
顯示登錄到主機或本地網絡上所有計算機的用戶列表。
rusersd
The rsuerd daemon acts as a server that responds to the queries from rsuers command.
rsuerd守護程序，充當響應來自rsuers命令的查詢的服務器
rwall
Sends messages to all users on the local network.
將消息發(fā)送到本地網絡上的所有用戶。
rwho
Reports who is logged-in to the hosts on the local network.
報告誰登錄到本地網絡上的主機。
rwhod
Acts as a server for rwho and ruptime commands.
充當rwho和ruptime命令的服務器。
Linux Commands
S
sane-find-scanner
Find SCSI and USB scanner and determine their device files.
查找SCSI和USB掃描儀并確定其設備文件
scanadf
Retrieve multiple images from a scanner equipped with an automatic document feeder (ADF).
從配有自動文檔進紙器（ADF）的掃描儀中檢索多張圖像
scanimage
Read images from image aquistion devices (scanner or camera) and display on standard output in PNM (Portable aNyMap) format.
從圖像采集設備（掃描儀或相機）讀取圖像，并以PNM（便攜式aNyMap）格式顯示在標準輸出上
scp
Copy files between hosts on a network securely using SSH.
使用SSH安全地在網絡上的主機之間復制文件。
screen
A window manager that enables multiple pseudo-terminals with the help of ANSI/VT100 terminal emulation.
一個窗口管理器，在ANSI / VT100終端仿真的幫助下啟用多個偽終端
script
Used to make a typescript of everything displayed on the screen during a terminal session.
用于記錄當前用戶的操作記錄，默認寫在typescript文件中
sdiff
Shows two files side-by-side and highlights the differences.
并排顯示兩個文件并對差異部分進行高亮
sed
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text (from a file or a pipe input).
用于過濾和轉換文本的流編輯器（來自文件或管道輸入）
select
Synchronous I/O multiplexing.
同步I / O復用
sendmail
It’s a mail router or an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent). sendmail support can send a mail to one or more recepients using necessary protocols.
它是郵件路由器或MTA（郵件傳輸代理）。sendmail支持可以使用必要的協議向一個或多個接收者發(fā)送郵件。
sensors
Shows the current readings of all sensor chips.
顯示所有傳感器芯片的當前讀數
seq
Displays an incremental sequence of numbers from first to last.
以指定增量從首數開始打印數字到尾數
set
Used to manipulate shell variables and functions.
用于操作shell變量和函數
setfdprm
Sets floppy disk parameters as provided by the user.
設置用戶提供的軟盤參數
setkeycodes
Load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.
加載內核scancode-to-keycode映射表條目
setleds
Show/change LED light settings of the keyboard.
顯示/更改鍵盤的LED燈設置
setmetamode
Define keyboard meta key handling. Without arguments, shows current meta key mode.
定義鍵盤元鍵處理。沒有參數時，顯示當前的元鍵模式。
setquota
Set disk quotas for users and groups.
為用戶和組設置磁盤配額
setsid
Run a program in a new session.
在新會話中運行程序
setterm
Set terminal attributes.
設置終端屬性
sftp
Secure File Transfer program.
安全文件傳輸程序
sh
Command interpreter (shell) utility.
命令解釋器
sha1sum
Compute and check 160-bit SHA1 checksum to verify file integrity.
計算并檢查160位SHA1校驗以驗證文件完整性
shift
Shift positional parameters.
使位置參數移位
shopt
Shell options.
Shell選項。
showkey
Examines codes sent by the keyboard displays them in printable form.
檢查鍵盤發(fā)送的代碼以可打印的形式顯示它們
showmount
Shows information about NFS server mount on the host.
顯示主機上NFS服務器掛載的信息
shred
Overwrite a file to hide its content (optionally delete it), making it harder to recover it.
覆蓋文件以隱藏其內容（可選擇刪除它），使其更難恢復
shutdown
Power-off the machine.
關機
size
Lists section size and the total size of a specified file.
輸出指定輸入文件各段及其總和的大小
skill
Send a signal to processes.
向進程發(fā)送信號
slabtop
Show kernel slab cache information in real-time.
實時顯示內核slab緩存信息
slattach
Attach a network interface to a serial line.
連接串行線路作為網絡接口
sleep
Suspend execution for a specified amount of time (in seconds).
使任務暫停特定時間（以秒為單位）
slocate
Display matches by searching filename databases. Takes ownership and file permission into consideration.
搜索文件名數據庫顯示匹配項，將所有權和文件權限都考慮進去
snice
Reset priority for processes.
重置進程的優(yōu)先級。
sort
Sort lines of text files.
對文本文件按行排序
source
Run commands from a specified file.
運行來自特定文件的命令
split
Split a file into pieces of fixed size.
將文件拆分為固定大小的幾個文件
ss
Display socket statistics, similar to netstat.
顯示套接字統(tǒng)計信息，類似于netstat
ssh
An SSH client for logging in to a remote machine. It provides encrypted communication between the hosts.
用于登錄遠程計算機的SSH客戶端。它提供主機之間的加密通信。
ssh-add
Adds private key identities to the authentication agent.
將私鑰標識添加到身份驗證代理
ssh-agent
It holds private keys used for public key authentication.
包含用于公鑰認證的私鑰
ssh-keygen
It generates, manages, converts authentication keys for ssh.
生成，管理，轉換ssh的身份驗證密鑰
ssh-keyscan
Gather ssh public keys.
收集ssh公鑰
sshd
Server for the ssh program.
ssh程序的服務器
stat
Display file or filesystem status.
顯示文件或文件系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)
statd
A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts, and manages the list of hosts to be notified when the local system reboots.
一個守護程序，用于偵聽來自其他主機的重啟通知，并管理本地系統(tǒng)重啟要通知的主機列表。
strace
Trace system calls and signals.
跟蹤系統(tǒng)調用和信號
strfile
Create a random access file for storing strings.
創(chuàng)建用于存儲字符串的隨機訪問文件
strings
Search a specified file and prints any printable strings with at least four characters and followed by an unprintable character.
搜索指定的文件并打印任何至少包含四個字符的可打印字符串，后跟一個不可打印的字符。
strip
Discard symbols from object files.
丟棄目標文件中的符號
stty
Change and print terminal line settings.
輸出或修改終端參數
su
Change user ID or become superuser.
更改用戶ID或成為超級用戶
sudo
Execute a command as superuser.
以超級用戶身份執(zhí)行命令
sum
Checksum and count the block in a file.
校驗并計算文件中的區(qū)塊
suspend
Suspend the execution of the current shell.
暫停當前shell的執(zhí)行
swapoff
Disable devices for paging and swapping.
關閉系統(tǒng)交換分區(qū)
swapon
Enable devices for paging and swapping.
開啟系統(tǒng)交換分區(qū)
symlink
Create a symbolic link to a file.
創(chuàng)建指向文件的符號鏈接
sync
Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage.
將緩存同步到持久存儲
sysctl
Configure kernel parameters at runtime.
在運行時配置內核參數
sysklogd
Linux system logging utilities. Provides syslogd and klogd functionalities.
Linux系統(tǒng)日志實用程序。提供syslogd和klogd功能
syslogd
Read and log system messages to the system console and log files.
系統(tǒng)日志服務，非內核產生的信息
Linux Commands
T
tac
Concatenate and print files in reverse order. Opposite of cat command.
以相反的順序連接和打印文件，與cat命令相反。
tail
Show the last 10 lines of each specified file(s).
顯示每個特定文件的最后10行。
tailf
Follow the growth of a log file. (Deprecated command)
適合于日志文件的跟蹤（棄用命令）
talk
A two-way screen-oriented communication utility that allows two user to exchange messages simulateneously.
可視通信程序，可將終端中的行復制到另一個用戶的行中
talkd
A remote user communication server for talk.
用于talk命令的遠程用戶通信服務器
tar
GNU version of the tar archiving utility. Used to store and extract multiple files from a single archive.
tar歸檔實用程序的GNU版本。用于存儲和提取單個存檔中的多個文件。
taskset
Set/retrieve a process’s CPU affinity.
設置/檢索進程的CPU關聯
tcpd
Access control utility for internet services.
Internet服務的訪問控制實用程序
tcpdump
Dump traffic on network. Displays a description of the contents of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression.
轉儲網絡流量，顯示網絡接口上與布爾表達式匹配的數據包內容的描述
tcpslice
Extract pieces of tcpdump files or merge them.
提取tcpdump文件或合并它們
tee
Read from standard input and write to standard output and files.
從標準輸入讀取并寫入標準輸出和文件。
telinit
Change SysV runlevel.
更改SysV運行級別
telnet
Telnet protocol user interface. Used to interact with another host using telnet.
Telnet協議用戶界面，使用telnet與其他主機進行交互
telnetd
A server for the telnet protocol.
用于telnet協議的服務器
test
Check file type and compare values.
檢查文件類型并比較值
tftp
User interface to the internet TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).
Internet TFTP（普通文件傳輸協議）的用戶界面
tftpd
TFTP server.
TFTP服務器。
time
Run programs and summarize system resource usage.
運行程序并總結系統(tǒng)資源使用情況
timeout
Execute a command with a time limit.
執(zhí)行帶有時間限制的命令。
times
Shows accumulated user and system times for the shell and it’s child processes.
顯示shell及其子進程的累計用戶和系統(tǒng)時間
tload
Shows a graph of the current system load average to the specified tty.
以圖形化的方式輸出當前系統(tǒng)的平均負載到指定的終端
tmpwatch
Recursively remove files and directories which haven’t been accessed for the specified period of time.
遞歸刪除在指定時間段內未訪問的文件和目錄
top
Displays real-time view of processes running on the system.
顯示系統(tǒng)上運行的進程的實時視圖
touch
Change file access and modification times.
更改文件訪問和修改時間
tput
Modify terminal-dependent capabilities, color, etc.
修改與終端相關的功能，顏色等
tr
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from standard input and display on standard output.
從標準輸入中替換、縮減和/或刪除字符，并將結果寫到標準輸出
tracepath
Traces path to a network host discovering MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) along this path.
跟蹤網絡主機的路徑，沿此路徑發(fā)現MTU（最大傳輸單元）。
traceroute
Traces the route taken by the packets to reach the network host.
追蹤網絡數據包的路由途徑
trap
Trap function responds to hardware signals. It defines and creates handlers to run when the shell receives signals.
定義并創(chuàng)建在shell接收信號時運行的處理程序
troff
The troff processor of the groff text formatting system.
groff文本格式化系統(tǒng)的troff處理器
TRUE
Exit with a status code indicating success.
退出，狀態(tài)代碼表示成功。
tset
Initialize terminal.
初始化終端。
tsort
Perform topological sort.
執(zhí)行拓撲排序
tty
Display the filename of the terminal connected to standard input.
顯示連接到標準輸入的終端的文件名
tune2fs
Adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.
調整/查看ext2/ext3/ext4文件系統(tǒng)的文件系統(tǒng)參數
tunelp
Set various parameters for the line printer devices.
為行式打印機設備設置各種參數
type
Write a description for a command type.
對命令類型的描述
Linux Commands
U
ul
Underline text.
對文字添加下劃線
ulimit
Get and set user limits for the calling process.
獲取并設置調用進程的用戶限制。
umask
Set file mode creation mask.
設置文件模式創(chuàng)建掩碼
umount
Unmount specified file systems.
卸載指定的文件系統(tǒng)
unalias
Remove alias definitions for specified alias names.
刪除特定別名的別名定義
uname
Show system information.
顯示系統(tǒng)信息
uncompress
Uncompress the files compressed with the compress command.
對compress命令壓縮的文件進行解壓縮
unexpand
Convert spaces to tabs for a specified file.
將特定文件中的空格轉換成tab
unicode_start
Put keyboard and console in Unicode mode.
將鍵盤和控制臺置于Unicode模式
unicode_stop
Revert keyboard and console from Unicode mode.
從Unicode模式恢復鍵盤和控制臺
uniq
Report or omit repeating lines.
報告或省略重復的行
units
Convert units from one scalar to another.
將單位從一個標量轉換為另一個標量
unrar
Extract files from a RAR archive.
從RAR存檔中提取文件
unset
Remove variable or function names.
刪除變量或函數名稱
unshar
Unpack shell archive scripts.
解壓縮shell歸檔腳本
until
Execute command until a given condition is true.
執(zhí)行命令直到給定條件為真
uptime
Tell how long the system has been running.
顯示系統(tǒng)運行時間
useradd
Create a new user or update default user information.
創(chuàng)建新用戶或更新默認用戶信息。
userdel
Delete a user account and related files.
刪除用戶帳戶和相關文件
usermod
Modify a user account.
修改用戶帳戶
users
Show the list of active users on the machine.
顯示計算機上的活動用戶列表
usleep
Suspend execution for microsecond intervals.
暫停執(zhí)行持續(xù)微秒的間隔
uudecode
Decode a binary file.
解碼二進制文件
uuencode
Encode a binary file.
編碼二進制文件
uuidgen
Created a new UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) table.
創(chuàng)建一個新的UUID（通用唯一標識符）表
Linux Commands
V
vdir
Same as ls -l -b. Verbosely list directory contents.
與ls -l -b相同，詳細列出目錄內容
vi
A text editor utility.
文本編輯器
vidmode
Set the video mode for a kernel image. Displays current mode value without arguments. Alternative: rdev -v
設置內核映像的視頻模式。顯示不帶參數的當前模式值。替代方案：rdev -v
vim
Vi Improved, a text-based editor which is a successor to vi.
升級版vi，基于文本的編輯器
vmstat
Shows information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks, and CPU activity.
報告虛擬內存的統(tǒng)計信息
volname
Returns volume name for a device formatted with an ISO-9660 filesystem. For example, CD-ROM.
返回使用ISO-9660文件系統(tǒng)格式化的設備的卷名。例如，CD-ROM。
Linux Commands
W
w
Show who is logged-on and what they’re doing.
顯示登錄的人員以及他們正在做的事情
wait
Waits for a specified process ID(s) to terminate and returns the termination status.
等待指定的進程ID終止并返回終止狀態(tài)
wall
Display a message on the terminals all the users who are currently logged-in.
在終端上顯示當前登錄的所有用戶的消息
warnquota
Send mail to the users who’ve exceeded their disk quota soft limit.
發(fā)送郵件給超出其磁盤配額軟限制的用戶
watch
Runs commands repeatedly until interrupted and shows their output and errors.
重復運行命令直到被中斷并顯示其輸出和錯誤
wc
Print newline, word, and byte count for each of the specified files.
打印每個指定文件的換行符，字和字節(jié)個數。
wget
A non-interactive file download utility.
非交互式文件下載程序
whatis
Display one line manual page descriptions.
顯示幫助文檔的一行內容
whereis
Locate the binary, source, and man page files for a command.
找到命令的二進制文件，源文件和幫助文檔
which
For a given command, lists the pathnames for the files which would be executed when the command runs.
對于給定的命令，列出命令運行時將執(zhí)行的文件的路徑名。
while
Conditionally execute commands (while loop).
有條件地執(zhí)行命令（while循環(huán)）。
who
Shows who is logged on.
顯示登錄的用戶。
whoami
Displays the username tied to the current effective user ID.
顯示與當前有效用戶ID綁定的用戶名。
whois
Looks for an object in a WHOIS database
在WHOIS數據庫中查找對象
write
Display a message on other user’s terminal.
在其他用戶的終端上顯示消息。
Linux Commands
X
xargs
Runs a command using initial arguments and then reads remaining arguments from standard input.
使用初始參數運行命令，然后從標準輸入中讀取剩余的參數。
xdg-open
Used to open a file or URL in an application preferred by the user.
用于在用戶青睞的應用程序中打開文件或URL。
xinetd
Extended internet services daemon. Works similar to inetd.
擴展的互聯網服務守護進程，與inetd類似
xz
Compress/ Decompress .xz and .lzma files.
壓縮/解壓縮.xz和.lzma文件。
Linux Commands
Y
yacc
Yet Another Compiler Compiler, a GNU Project parser generator.
另一個編譯器編譯器，一個GNU項目解析器生成器。
yes
Repeatedly output a line with a specified string(s) until killed.
重復輸出具有指定字符串的行直到被終止
ypbind
A daemon that helps client processes to connect to an NIS server.
一個守護程序，可幫助客戶端進程連接到NIS服務器。
ypcat
Shows the NIS map (or database) for the specified MapName parameter.
在linux系統(tǒng)中用來打印出網絡信息服務（NIS）映射
ypinit
Sets up NIS maps on an NIS server.
在NIS服務器上設置NIS映射
ypmatch
Shows values for specified keys from an NIS map.
顯示NIS映射中特定鍵的值
yppasswd
Change NIS login password.
更改NIS登錄密碼。
yppasswdd
Acts as a server for the yppasswd command. Receives and executes requests.
充當yppasswd命令的服務器。接收并執(zhí)行請求。
yppoll
Shows the ID number or version of NIS map currently used on the NIS server.
顯示當前在NIS服務器上使用的NIS映射的ID號或版本
yppush
Forces slave NIS servers to copy updated NIS maps.
強制從屬NIS服務器復制更新的NIS映射
ypserv
A daemon activated at system startup. It looks for information in local NIS maps.
系統(tǒng)啟動時激活的守護程序。它在本地NIS映射中查找信息
ypset
Point a client (running ypbind) to a specifc server (running ypserv).
將客戶端（運行ypbind）指向特定服務器（運行ypserv）。
yptest
Calls various functions to check the configuration of NIS services.
調用各種函數來檢查NIS服務的配置
ypwhich
Shows the hostname for NIS server or master server for a given map.
顯示給定映射的NIS服務器或主服務器的主機名
ypxfr
Transfers NIS server map from server to a local host.
將NIS服務器映射從服務器傳輸到本地主機。
Linux Commands
Z
zcat
Used to compress/uncompress files. Similar to gzip
用于壓縮/解壓縮文件。與gzip類似
zcmp
Compare compressed files.
比較壓縮文件。
zdiff
Compare compressed files line by line.
逐行比較壓縮文件。
zdump
Displays time for the timezone mentioned.
顯示所提到的時區(qū)的時間。
zforce
Adds .gz extension to all gzipped files.
為所有gzip壓縮文件添加.gz擴展名。
zgrep
Performs grep on compressed files.
對壓縮文件執(zhí)行grep。
zic
Creates time conversion information files using the specified input files.
使用指定的輸入文件創(chuàng)建時間轉換信息文件
zip
A file compression and packaging utility.
文件壓縮和打包
zless
Displays information of a compressed file (using less command) on the terminal one screen at a time.
對壓縮文件使用less命令
zmore
Displays output of a compressed file (using more command) on the terminal one page at a time.
對壓縮文件使用more命令
znew
Recompress .z files to .gz. files.
將.z文件重新壓縮為.gz文件
