一、概述
代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的詞。
代詞的分類:
人稱代詞:表示“我”、“我們”、“你”“你們”、“他、她、它”、“他們”的詞叫人稱代詞;
物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞;
反身代詞:表示動(dòng)作反射到執(zhí)行者本身或用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的代詞;
指示代詞:表示能替代名詞或替代形容詞的詞;
不定代詞:表示不指明替代任何特定名詞的代詞。
疑問(wèn)代詞:表示替代人或物且含有疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣的代詞。
二、人稱代詞
人稱代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
1、主格在句中作主語(yǔ),賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。
She gave these books to you and me;
You must look after them;
2、當(dāng)并列代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),I 放在最后。順序?yàn)槟?,他,?/p>
You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.
三、物主代詞
物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種,有人稱和數(shù)不清變化形式。
形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞,如:
my watch; your books ; their names;
名詞性物主代詞在句中可單獨(dú)作用,可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),后面不跟名詞,英語(yǔ)中說(shuō):“我的一位朋友”,要用“a friend of mine”。
有些結(jié)構(gòu)中常用the 替代物主代詞
He had a cold in the head.(the意思是his)
My mother took me by the arm. (the意思是her)
四、反身代詞
反身代詞在句中可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,用作賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
He himself has finished it .(作同位語(yǔ))
He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .(作賓語(yǔ))
I did it mysldf. (加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)
某些固定結(jié)構(gòu):by oneself; fo oneself; among themselves
They made the machine all by themselves.
He cooked a meal for himself.
五、指示代詞
指示代詞有:this; that; these; those
this, these 表示“這”、“這些”,是“近指”。
that, those表示“那”、“那些”,是“遠(yuǎn)指”。
注意:在電話用語(yǔ)里面,用this代替自己,that代替對(duì)方。如:
who’s that? This is Tom speaking
六、不定代詞
英語(yǔ)中有以下不定代詞:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no還有由some, any , no every構(gòu)成的代詞。
1)both, all
both 是指“兩者都”,而all則是指“三者或三者以上都”,如:
Both of us are right.
All of you are good at playing basketball.
但all 還可以組成固定短語(yǔ) all day, all this, all the time等
2) either, neither
either 是指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)……“屬于部分否定,而neither則是“兩者之中一個(gè)也不……“屬全部否定
Either of the books will do.
Neither of the answers is right.
而either還可出現(xiàn)在否定句子里,可與neither進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either
= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.
而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”,構(gòu)成“neither (nor) +助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句式。
Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.
3) little, a little, few, a few
little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞; few , a few修飾可數(shù)名詞;
little, few表示否定,“幾乎沒(méi)有”
a little, a few表示肯定,相當(dāng)于some, any.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.
4) every, each
every, each都是強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè),every 作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如:
The bus comes every five minutes.
Each of them may come at a different time.
5) some , any
6) 由some, any, no, every組成的不定代詞
something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.
七、疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句,一共有五個(gè):
who, whom, whose, what, which.
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