TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 5.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BACKGROUND: #e7eaea; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-shading: #E6EAE9; mso-pattern: gray-125 #F0EAF2; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: dash-small-gap #C0BCD6 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: 1.0pt dash-small-gap #C0BCD6; mso-border-insidev: 1.0pt dash-small-gap #C0BCD6" class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> 2013年高考英語完型填空分類匯編---議論文類
議論文是一種剖析事理、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。
議論文的目的不僅是可觀的解釋事物，還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點。英語的議論文不完全等同與漢語的議論文，他涉及的范圍要小得多。
一﹑根據(jù)議論文類完形填空的命題特點，要求考生掌握以下方法和技巧：
1.利用首句和首段信息把握全文的主旨大意。由于議論文的首句和首段往往揭示文章的主旨大意，從而使得文章“開門見山”。通過對主題句的領(lǐng)悟，把握文章的主題和導向性，有利于整體把握文章。
2.明確上下文關(guān)系，充分利用語境信息解題。所謂語境，就是上下文，包括文章語氣的一致性﹑意思的連貫性﹑表達的合理性﹑論證的邏輯性等。通過對文章所提供的具體語境的綜合分析，確認最佳答案。
3.從分利用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，關(guān)注文章的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)及語言感情色彩。以論文中常含有
包含語篇聯(lián)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，它往往代表了句與句之間段與段之間層次和內(nèi)在關(guān)系。
同時作者往往賦予了文章一定的感情色彩，語氣與感情色彩的和諧會貫穿于全文。對語言感情色彩的和諧性的掌握會為理解全文提供幫助。
【安徽卷】
第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __37__ perhaps you are interested in the __38___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __39___ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of __40__, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They __41_ an environment where you can practice under the __42__ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead __43__ lives and learning a language takes __44__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __45__. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46__.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47__,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __49__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people __50__ about the mistakes they make when __51__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never __53__. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be __54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __55__ own language. Good luck!
36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical
37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or
38. A literature B. transport C. Agriculture D. medicine
39. A view B. knowledge C. form D. database
40. A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers
41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide
42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure
43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal
44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place
45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project
46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more
47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired
48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly
49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school
50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel
51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning
52. A. if B. and C. but D. before
53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy
54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed
55. A. their B. his C. our D, your
[定文體抓主旨]：本文是一篇關(guān)于學習新語言的議論文。首先要搞清楚學習的原因；然后談到定期學習更容易成功，貴在堅持，不要怕犯錯誤，多努力，一定會取得進步的。本篇難度：容易。
[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)]：
段落
關(guān)鍵詞
大意推測
第一部分（para.1）
learn a new language; think about ; why; your job or your studies; interested
學習一門新語言，首先考慮為什么學；為工作或者學習；或則只是感興趣。
第二部分（para.2）
traditional classes; an ideal start; have more success; study regularly; learning to get by
傳統(tǒng)的課堂對于學習語言來說是一個理想的開始；如果你定期地學習，你會取得更多的成功；學得說得過去花的時間不長。
第三部分（para.3）
start learning; soon give up; can learn a language; good for the health; the mistakes; relax and laugh; less likely to make them
有人開始學習之后不久就放棄；你可以在任何年齡學習一門語言；學習對你大腦的健康有好處；犯錯誤沒關(guān)系，放松并自我解嘲，以后不太可能再犯。
第四部分（para.4）
some work and devotion; make progress; positive reaction; just a few words
付出一些努力和投入，你會取得進步的；只需說幾個外語詞匯，人們就會有積極的反應。
[解析]：
36． C。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文such as your job or your studies可知是實用的（practical）理由。其余三選項分別意為：技術(shù)的；政治的；身體的，物理的。
37．D。 把握句間的邏輯關(guān)系。此句與前句同為第一句所提到的關(guān)于學習一種新語言的原因，兩者之間為選擇關(guān)系，故選or。
38．A。 利用詞匯間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。四個選項中，與語言學習關(guān)系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A選項literature（文學）。其余三個選項分別意為：交通；農(nóng)業(yè)；醫(yī)藥。
39．B。 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。have a good knowledge of something意為：精通，掌握，對…很熟悉。
40．C。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。句意：大部分人通過各種各樣的方法（methods）學得最好，但是傳統(tǒng)課堂對許多人來說是個理想的開始。
41．D。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。傳統(tǒng)的課堂提供（provide）一個環(huán)境，在其中你可以在某個擅長于這種語言的人的指導（guidance）下練習。前三個選項分別意為：保護；改變；尊重，均不符合語境。
42．C。 參見上題解析。其余三個選項分別意為：控制；命令；壓力，均不符合語境。
43．A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系解題。我們都過著忙碌的（busy）生活并且學習一門語言需要時間。其余三個選項分別意為：快樂的；簡單的；正常的，均不符合語境，
44．B。 根據(jù)生活常識及語境解題。學習一門語言當然需要花費時間（time）。其余三項和take搭配分別意為：鼓起勇氣；消耗能量；發(fā)生。
45．C。 根據(jù)詞匯復現(xiàn)解題。前面有“regularly（定期地）”,可知選routine（常規(guī)，慣例）。
46．B。 根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)前面的take years（花很多年時間）和but（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系），可知選a lot less（花的時間少得多）。
47． A。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。根據(jù)下文的“Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults”可知，有些人覺得自己太老（old）了。其余三項分別意為：緊張；虛弱；疲勞，均不符合語境。
48． B。根據(jù)生活常識解題。一般來說，小孩學習語言的確比成年人要快（quickly）。
49. A。根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說小孩學習語言的確比成年人要快，后面but轉(zhuǎn)折說研究表明你可以在任何年齡（age）學習語言。其余三個選項分別為：速度；距離；學校，均不符合題意。
50． A。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。下句出現(xiàn)了“Well, relax and laugh”，可知人們擔心（worry about）他們犯的錯誤。
51．D。 利用原詞復現(xiàn)解題。前面反復出現(xiàn)learn、learning，可知此處選D。其余三個選項分別意為：唱歌；工作；討價還價，均不符合語境。
52．B。 考查固定句型：祈使句+ and…。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的錯誤，這樣你就不太可能再次犯這些錯誤。兩句間為順承關(guān)系。
53． D。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文“But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress”可知，學習一門新的語言從來都不容易（easy）。其余三項分別意為：令人厭煩的；困難的，努力的，堅硬的；有趣的，均不符合題意。
54． B。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只說幾句話，人們就與積極的反應，因此會amazed（驚奇的）。其余三項分別意為：被責備；被打斷；被告知，均不符合題意。
55．A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是說一些他們（their）自己的語言的詞匯。
【上海卷】
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up their markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. Home some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries wilt from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually. 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about Globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D easy
51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population
52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D owing
53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase
54. A. doubt B. define C advocate D. ignore
55. A. In addition B. For instance C. in other words D. All in all
56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign
57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening
58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn
59. A. Furthermore B. therefore C. However D. Otherwise
60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise
61. A. trouble B. business C power D. mind
62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out
63. A. taking off B. getting alone C. holding out D. turning back
64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge
Section A
[定文體抓主旨]本文是一篇議論文，先提出問題：全球化經(jīng)濟化到底有益嗎？然后列出了兩種相反的觀點，最后總結(jié)。本文設題相當巧妙，基本上所有的空都是根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系才能找到答案，突出了語篇概念。
[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)]：
段落
關(guān)鍵詞
大意推測
第一部分（para.1）
opened up their markets
Is economic globalization good for all?
提出問題：開放市場；全國化對所有人有好處嗎？
第二部分（para.2--4）
supporters; reduce poverty; Critics take a different view
主體部分：支持者認為它可以減少貧窮；批評者持相反的觀點
第三部分（para.5）
an interconnected world； create a kind of globalization
結(jié)論：這是一個互相聯(lián)系的世界，全球化對所有人有利。
50. 答案：C
解析：第一段是主旨段，由第二段句首的…h(huán)as helped reduce…、第三段句首的…will benefit from…可知這是講經(jīng)濟全球化的好處，結(jié)合第四段句首的Critics take a different view可知這講弊端，最后一段照應首段，尤其末段的…for the benefit of all。由此可見這句句意：經(jīng)濟全球化對所有人有好處嗎？
51. 答案：B。
解析：由后句的increased wealth可知本句說的是經(jīng)濟全球化增加了財富，也就是減少了貧窮現(xiàn)象。
52. 答案：A
解析：句意為：它引用了一項研究，該研究顯示了在24個發(fā)展中國家，由于將當?shù)亟?jīng)濟融合進世界經(jīng)濟中，增長的財富促進了教育的改進和壽命的延長。contribute to促進；導致。respond to對……作出回應；turn to求助于；owing to由于。
53. 答案：D
解析：由前句所說的財富的增加，這里應該是收入的增長。
54. 答案：C
解析：由本句中的will benefit from…可知這是說全國化經(jīng)濟的好處。句意為：贊成全球化的人說發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟將受益于小型和本國企業(yè)得到的新機遇。
55. 答案：B
解析：前句籠統(tǒng)說到home-based businesses，本句說到巴西的農(nóng)民，可見這是舉例論證前面的論點?？忌涀。骸爸黝}句+支撐句”是英語議論文常規(guī)模式。
56. 答案：C
解析：由本句中的now …worldwide可見這是進行了今昔對比，現(xiàn)在在全球市場內(nèi)銷售，那么過去只能在本地的露天市場。
57. 答案：D
解析：由后句中的…the poor…h(huán)ave been left behind.可知貧富差距在擴大，故widen（擴大）合適。find找到；explore開發(fā)；bridge彌合。
58. 答案：B
解析：本句是說只有一部分發(fā)展中國家實際上受益于融合進世界經(jīng)濟，根據(jù)后面的the poor, unskilled…可知這是對比。解題關(guān)鍵是抓住only一詞。
59. 答案：A
解析：前面說全球化會導致貧富差距擴大，然后又說全球化會威脅新出現(xiàn)的市場?？梢娺@是一種遞進關(guān)系。furthermore而且；therefore因此；however但是；otherwise否則。
60. 答案：C
解析：本句是說受益于全球化經(jīng)濟的印度手工業(yè)者們本來會出口產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)在很快就會面臨激烈的競爭。這里的soon就暗示了前后是一個對比關(guān)系。
61. 答案：B
解析：本句前面說面臨激烈的競爭，然后說競爭會讓他們實業(yè)。out of business實業(yè)；out of trouble擺脫麻煩；out of power喪失權(quán)力的；out of mind心不在焉，忘卻。
62. 答案：A
解析：本句是說像沃爾瑪?shù)却笮统械牡絹?，這些小企業(yè)將無能維持下去并將被排擠出局。尤其要注意and后的be crowded out，所填的詞應該和它是并列關(guān)系。
63. 答案：D
解析：結(jié)合下句所說：科技的進步和更加開放的政策的結(jié)合已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一個相互聯(lián)系的世界。故可推斷本句以為全球化不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，即沒有回頭路。turn back回頭，符合句意。
64. 答案：D
解析：文章綜合了對全球化的不同觀點，最后說到目前的難題是找到一個可行的方法。agreement協(xié)議；prediction預測；outcome結(jié)果；challenge挑戰(zhàn)，難題。
