謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)
1、常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型
①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;
②and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;
③主謂不一致;
④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;
⑤第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;
⑥主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。
例如:
a.
A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
(is → are)
b.
He go to school by bike every day.
(go→ goes)
c.
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library.
(were → are)
d.
New bicycles must keep inside.
(keep→ be kept)
a句中a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
b句中He是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞go應(yīng)該加es。
c句中屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。找出此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
d句中法結(jié)構(gòu)未能正確使用英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式。學(xué)生還會(huì)犯一些其它方面的錯(cuò)誤,其中之一是常常把英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞(組)
如take place、occur、happen、belong to、appear、break out、rise、die等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
2、名詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。
例如:
…so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.
(subject → subjects)
3、連詞錯(cuò)誤
連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系:
who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類(lèi)為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。
例如:
a.
She was smiling but nodding at me.
(but → and)
b.
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
(and → or )
c.
We may be one family and live under a same roof.
(a → the)
4、冠詞錯(cuò)誤
冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面,一是冠詞的殘缺或多余,考生要注意加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別。
如:in charge of與in the charge of,out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。
二是不定冠詞和定冠詞之間的相互誤用。
英漢名詞確有許多共同點(diǎn),但是也有不少不同點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分,漢語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有,且一般情況下,名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此,在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中,一旦涉及到advice,news,progress,weather,information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),學(xué)生往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。
注意:少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞等修飾后,可用a/an等來(lái)修飾。如time(時(shí)間),rain(雨)。
所以我們可以說(shuō):We had a wonderful time yesterday.
例如:
a.
The driver brought the car to ∧ stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
(a)
b.
When ∧ sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
(the)
5、形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤
系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。
例如:
a.
I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together.
(wonderfully → wonderful)
b.
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.
(Unfortunate → Unfortunately)
注意:形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。a句中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,b句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
6、代詞錯(cuò)誤
代詞主要有人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、指示代詞。
要注意代詞的主格和賓格
(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us;they/them)的誤用;
反身代代詞
(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)
的誤用;
代詞的各人稱(chēng)之間和單復(fù)數(shù)之間的誤用,關(guān)系代詞which,that之間的誤用,關(guān)系代詞that與疑問(wèn)代詞what之間的誤用,關(guān)系代詞which與關(guān)系副詞when,where以及what與how的誤用等。
例如:
a.
We do not like he.
(he → him)
b.
If you like this books, you can take them away.
(this → these)
c.
His book is different from me.
(me → mine)
d.
The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
(those → that)
7、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。
例如:
a
.…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.
(interesting → interested)
b.
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …
(play → playing)
c.
My parents love me … and will do all they can ∧ make sure …
(to)
上述b、c兩個(gè)句子分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
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