I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
我們正面臨著一個(gè)新時(shí)代。隨你怎么稱呼它：服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)也好，信息時(shí)代也好，知識(shí)社會(huì)也好，一句話，都說(shuō)明了我們工作方式的根本變化。事實(shí)上我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始進(jìn)入這個(gè)時(shí)代。西方社會(huì)依靠制造產(chǎn)品謀生的人數(shù)比例急劇下降了。今天，在美洲、歐洲和日本，大多數(shù)人（這些國(guó)家中有許多國(guó)家已高達(dá)三分之二以上）從事服務(wù)業(yè)，而且人數(shù)還在增加。跟從前相比，婦女從業(yè)的人數(shù)增加了，兼職工作增加了，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者增加了。但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)變革幅度的衡量不能只憑數(shù)字，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)變革同時(shí)也引發(fā)了對(duì)工作本質(zhì)的全新思維。有關(guān)工作和職業(yè)生涯、獲得成功所必須的技能、乃至個(gè)人與雇主的關(guān)系，種種傳統(tǒng)的觀念正在受到挑戰(zhàn)。
我們只要回顧從前，就可以對(duì)未來(lái)有所了解。沒(méi)有那一位展望未來(lái)20年的人能夠預(yù)料到硅片這樣一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，因其在個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通訊和工業(yè)機(jī)器人中的應(yīng)用，會(huì)給我們的世界帶來(lái)的種種變化。明天在生物技術(shù)、人工智能或者有些迄今為止甚至難以想象的技術(shù)方面所取得的成就，可能會(huì)引起類似的急劇變化。但有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：信息和知識(shí)將變得更加重要，而擁有信息和知識(shí)的人們，無(wú)論他們從事制造業(yè)或者服務(wù)業(yè)，將會(huì)具有優(yōu)勢(shì)并創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)將與讀寫能力一樣成為一種基本要求。運(yùn)用信息解決問(wèn)題的能力，而不是日常工作的完成，將尤其受到重視。展望未來(lái)10年，信息服務(wù)將支配一切，將成為你的工作方式。
II、英漢翻譯原理第三講：怎樣理解原文？（續(xù)）
四、要通過(guò)吃透詞語(yǔ)含義進(jìn)行理解：
【例45】 While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.
×雖然許多女人對(duì)與他人親密無(wú)間，分享秘密感到舒坦，而男人卻經(jīng)常刻求在與其他男人的關(guān)系中表達(dá)感情。
【譯文】 許多女人親密相處互吐隱秘感到心安理得，而男人要對(duì)其他男人表露感情卻非易事。
【例46】 On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you. I wish you would forget it.
×在那次大醉時(shí)，我老考慮是不是喜歡你，搞得我無(wú)法忍受，希望你忘了它。
【譯文】 那一次喝得酩酊大醉的時(shí)候，我說(shuō)了喜歡你不喜歡你的一番話，讓你受不了，希望你忘了它吧。
【例47】 I felt uncomfortable in the suit I had dredged up to wear.
×穿著那套已經(jīng)弄干凈的衣服，我只覺(jué)得渾身不自在。
【譯文】 穿著那套費(fèi)了好大功夫才找出來(lái)的衣服，我覺(jué)得渾身不自在。
【例48】 The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear.
×學(xué)校的小霸王打了馬丁一個(gè)耳光以此作為威脅。
【譯文】 學(xué)校的小霸王揚(yáng)言要打馬丁的耳光。
【例49】 The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.
×計(jì)算機(jī)將可能使人類熟練掌握技術(shù)產(chǎn)生驚人的飛躍，他推倒了理論和實(shí)踐之間的隔墻。
【譯文】 計(jì)算機(jī)使人類的能力有可能發(fā)生巨大的飛躍；它拓展了人類從事實(shí)踐工作甚至理論工作的智慧。
五、要明確詞語(yǔ)的具體指代進(jìn)行理解：
【例50】 Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York. They were products of the city‘s first joint venture. Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by seawater. However, the goods duly arrived yesterday.
【譯文】 有50箱羊毛衫從上海發(fā)往紐約。這些羊毛衫是上海首家合資企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品。由于海上遇到風(fēng)暴，其中一部分遭到海水污損，但這批貨物已于昨天按時(shí)運(yùn)抵。
【例51】 "Heaven bless you, my child," said she, embracing Amelia, and scowling the while over the girl‘s shoulder at Miss Sharp. "Come away, Becky," said Miss Jemima, pulling the young woman away in great alarm.
×她摟著愛(ài)米麗亞說(shuō)：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面說(shuō)，一面從女孩的肩頭對(duì)夏潑小姐惡狠狠地瞪眼。吉米瑪小姐心里害怕，趕快拉著年輕女子出來(lái)，口里說(shuō)：“來(lái)吧，貝基。”
【譯文】 她摟著愛(ài)米麗亞說(shuō)：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面說(shuō)，一面從愛(ài)米麗亞肩頭對(duì)夏潑小姐惡狠狠地瞪眼。吉米瑪小姐心里害怕，趕快拉著夏潑小姐出來(lái)，口里說(shuō)：“走吧，小姐。”
【例52】 I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.
×我抓起那支最大的畫(huà)筆，迅猛異常地向我可憐的受害者撲了過(guò)去。
【譯文】 我抓起那支最大的畫(huà)筆，勢(shì)不可擋撲向那全無(wú)招架之力的畫(huà)布。
III、課堂練習(xí)（正確理解以下各句，并在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其譯成漢語(yǔ)）：
1. The investigations were temporarily tabled due to more pressing business.
2. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive.
3. One of the great charms of
4. A grass eating animal cannot exist without grass, a predator without prey, a plant without certain basic chemicals or certain kinds of soil.
5. If we could consider placing ourselves in other people‘s shoes, we could teach ourselves how damaging it is to assume anything about anyone.
6. A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.
7. Next door, a large-than-expected audience of 300 attended the International Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies, which will be covered separately next month.
8. The quality of attendance, enhanced by an exhibit-admission fee of $50 per day, was widely extolled. The quantity was in doubt, however. All of the 14 exhibitors interviewed questioned the figure of 5,200 given by Fair director G.B. Hovel; the consensus was 2,500 attendees.
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 由于有更緊急的任務(wù)，調(diào)查暫不進(jìn)行。
2. 畢竟所有的生物都靠吃其他東西生存，不管這種東西是植物還是動(dòng)物，是死的還是活的。
3. 在跟勞倫斯的相處中感到他有一點(diǎn)可愛(ài)之處，那就是他從不討厭人，因而也從不討人厭。
4. 食草動(dòng)物沒(méi)有草不能生存，食肉動(dòng)物沒(méi)有獵物無(wú)法活命，植物沒(méi)有一定的基本化學(xué)物質(zhì)或一定的土壤就生長(zhǎng)不了。
5. 如果我們能夠設(shè)身處地為別人著想，就會(huì)懂得對(duì)別人臆斷有多大害處。
6. 有創(chuàng)造性的人在形成一種想法時(shí)決不會(huì)照搬固定不變的模式。那種做法往往會(huì)束縛思想，有礙于想出多種可能的解決方案。
7. 隔壁大廳里，出乎意料地有300人出席了國(guó)際激光大氣研究會(huì)議，有關(guān)會(huì)議情況本刊將于下月另文報(bào)道。
8. 由于每天的入場(chǎng)券票價(jià)高達(dá)50美元，所以前往參觀的人都有些身份，受到了普遍稱頌。但是參觀人數(shù)值得懷疑。有14家參展廠商接受了采訪，都對(duì)交易會(huì)主任霍佛爾提供的5,200人這個(gè)數(shù)字表示懷疑，一般估計(jì)是2,500人。
V、課外練習(xí)（正確理解下列短文，并將其譯成漢語(yǔ)）：
One of my favourite moments of the day is among the last -- the last conscious one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from collapsing onto my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep. I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me. We sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams.
Somewhere in the middle is me, a grown-up version of the girl who used to camp out under covers with Nancy Drew, a foreshadowing of a baby-sitting grandma whose sons will come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.
Instead of arranging my books into traditional categories -- fiction and nonfiction, novels and short stories, self-improvement and pleasure -- I divide my bedside reading into books that put you to sleep and those that keep you up. Both have their place. Just last night I picked up a slender but densely written volume of literary criticism for the knockout punch I knew it would deliver. At the other end of the spectrum are the suspense heavy plots that keep you turning pages into the single-digit hours -- crime novels, love stories, comedies of manners, narrators so charming you cannot bear to quit them, worlds so richly drawn you cannot bear to leave. (293 words)
Unit 7
I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
一天中我最喜歡的是最后那段時(shí)刻－－至少是醒著的最后那段時(shí)刻。我再三努力不讓眨動(dòng)的眼皮合上，不讓書(shū)本掉落在胸前，這時(shí)候我知道真的該入睡了。我深情地把書(shū)放在身邊的床上。我們一起入睡－－我和我的書(shū)，我和書(shū)中的人物，我和交雜的夢(mèng)境，都一起入睡。
躺在床上看書(shū)似乎成了家傳。上一次母親幫我照看孩子時(shí)，我回到家里發(fā)現(xiàn)整幢房子一片漆黑，只有兩處微弱的燈光。一處在我兒子的房間，我看到八歲的兒子拿著一本《雞皮疙瘩》，打著電筒躲在被窩里看書(shū)。房子的那頭，母親拿著書(shū)已經(jīng)打起盹來(lái)。
差不多在這一老一小的中間就是我：一個(gè)已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大成人的昔日女孩，過(guò)去經(jīng)常在野營(yíng)時(shí)把《南茜?德魯》漫畫(huà)藏在被窩里與之同眠，一位將來(lái)幫兒子照看小孩的老奶奶，兒子回家時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)母親已經(jīng)心滿意足地臉上蓋著書(shū)本呼呼入睡。
我沒(méi)有按照傳統(tǒng)的分類方法把書(shū)分為小說(shuō)類和非小說(shuō)類、長(zhǎng)篇類和短篇類、修身養(yǎng)性類和娛樂(lè)消遣類，而是把床頭讀物分為催人入眠類和驅(qū)散睡意類。兩類書(shū)籍各得其所。就在昨天晚上，我挑了一本薄薄的但文字密集的文學(xué)評(píng)論。我知道這本書(shū)會(huì)讓我倒下就睡著。與之完全不同的另一類則是情節(jié)緊張扣人心弦的書(shū)，如犯罪小說(shuō)、愛(ài)情故事、生活喜劇，書(shū)中的敘事充滿魅力令你不忍打斷，書(shū)中的世界引人入勝使你難舍難離，你會(huì)一頁(yè)又一頁(yè)地翻下去，一直看到十二點(diǎn)鐘過(guò)后。
II、英漢翻譯原理第三講：怎樣理解原文？（續(xù)）
六、要理解詞語(yǔ)不同用法時(shí)的不同含義：
【例53】 They were distressful memories to her.
×它們都是她感到悲傷的回憶。
【譯文】 這些都是勾起她痛苦回憶的往事，
【例54】 Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the "tigers" of the Far East.
×任何認(rèn)為全球金融市場(chǎng)未必能左右國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的人，只須環(huán)視一下籠罩著遠(yuǎn)東“四小龍”的那場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)。
【譯文】 無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，如果認(rèn)為世界各國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)未必能控制各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，只須看一看遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的“四小龍”所面臨的這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)就明白了。
【例55】 Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their crops, and using new plowing methods to cut soil losses significantly.
【譯文】 關(guān)注事態(tài)的農(nóng)民們?cè)谏降厣闲拊焯萏?，?shí)行輪作，并采用新法耕作以大幅度減少土壤流失。
七、要注意省略和替代部分的理解：
【例56】 "Has he sold his collection yet?" "He has some of the paintings; I‘m not sure about the rest."
ד他的藏畫(huà)全都賣了嗎？” “他有一些畫(huà)，其他的我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。”
【譯文】 “他的藏畫(huà)全都賣了嗎？” “有一部分畫(huà)他已經(jīng)賣了，其他的我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。”
【例57】 In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age even, a constant principle of selection.
【譯文】 換句話說(shuō)，不僅一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言，甚至于一個(gè)時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言，都不斷受到淘汰原理的影響。
【例58】 A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end.
【譯文】 我們不可能設(shè)想有哪件事情是無(wú)緣無(wú)故產(chǎn)生的，就像我們不可能設(shè)想有哪根棍子只有一頭一樣。
【例59】 We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it‘s more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.
【譯文】 我們是凡人，而凡人遠(yuǎn)非十全十美。作為凡人就是說(shuō)我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。但是，我們覺(jué)得自己是凡人不僅僅由于我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。我們?nèi)缃窀械接袡?quán)利犯錯(cuò)誤。
【例60】 You have acted as if you do; but I don‘t think you do.
【譯文】 你裝出好象很喜歡我的樣子，可我覺(jué)得你并不喜歡我。
III、課堂練習(xí)（正確理解以下各句，并在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其譯成漢語(yǔ)）：
1. If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem unsolvable, he has.
2. By taking thought, men can move mountains -- and have.He had retired to private prayer in his chamber.
3. Many considerations go into growing the most flavorful produce, and the simple fact of being certified "organic" is not guarantee.
4. Senate Majority Leader George Mitchel hit the ceiling, as did most other Democrats, who immediately declared themselves allergic to taxes.
5. Two of the largest and most powerful nations of the world have since 1950 lived in isolated ignorance of one another and mutual fear and hate.
6. At the meeting, Johnson was very critical of Smith‘s record, but she was able to blunt his attack by showing that he had a private grievance against her.
7. Along with strong incentive and education systems, third-wave companies maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep innovative thinking alive.
8. When he dined with his sister that evening, Madeline helped herself to a cigarette from his pack on the table, and lit and smoke it inexpertly. Her defiant, self-satisfied, somewhat pathetic air made
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 如果說(shuō)誰(shuí)有權(quán)利希望自己能解決大多數(shù)物理學(xué)家似乎無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題，那么他就有這種權(quán)利。
2. 人們只要?jiǎng)幽X筋，就能移山填海－－而且人們已經(jīng)這樣做了。
3. 最具風(fēng)味的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的種植涉及到許多因素，而僅僅獲得“天然產(chǎn)品”的認(rèn)證并不能保證什么。
4. 參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖米契爾和大多數(shù)民主黨人士都大發(fā)雷霆，他們立即宣稱無(wú)法忍受增稅。
5. 自1950年以來(lái)，世界上兩個(gè)地域最大、實(shí)力最強(qiáng)的國(guó)家彼此隔離，毫無(wú)了解，相互間既恐懼又?jǐn)骋暋?/span>
6. 在會(huì)上，約翰遜百般指責(zé)史密斯過(guò)去的所作所為，但史密斯指出約翰遜對(duì)她有私仇，因而削弱了約翰遜攻擊的鋒芒。
7. 第三次浪潮時(shí)代的企業(yè)除了需要有力的激勵(lì)和教育機(jī)制外，還應(yīng)善于接受外界的思想，善于容忍失敗，這樣才有利于思想上的活躍創(chuàng)新。
8. 華倫那天跟妹妹美德琳一起吃晚飯時(shí)， 妹妹從桌上他的煙盒里取出一支香煙，不太在行地抽了起來(lái)。她那種不可一世、自鳴得意、又有點(diǎn)惹人愛(ài)憐的神氣引得華倫哈哈大笑。
V、課外練習(xí)（正確理解下列短文，并將其譯成漢語(yǔ)）：
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman.
Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.
Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.
All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.
This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. The were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.
The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. (332 words)
Unit 8
I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
人們始終認(rèn)為美麗是值得稱贊的。幾乎人人都以為漂亮的人會(huì)比別人幸福健康，婚姻美滿，職業(yè)高尚。個(gè)人事務(wù)咨詢員會(huì)給他們提供更好的求職建議，甚至法官對(duì)漂亮的被告態(tài)度也會(huì)格外溫和。然而，在主管人員中，美麗可成為一種不利因素。
漂亮對(duì)于步步高攀想當(dāng)主管的男子是一種積極因素，但對(duì)于女子卻反而有害。
人們認(rèn)為英俊的男主管比外貌平平者更有誠(chéng)信，認(rèn)為努力和能力是他們成功的原因。
人們以為漂亮的女主管比不漂亮者缺乏誠(chéng)信，她們的成功不是由于能力，而是由于運(yùn)氣之類的因素。
人們覺(jué)得所有不漂亮的女主管比漂亮的女主管更有誠(chéng)信，更有能力。然而，耐人尋味的是，與一夜之間獲得成功的漂亮人士相比，人們認(rèn)為一夜之間獲得成功的不漂亮人士更多地是由于人際關(guān)系，而不是由于能力。
為什么會(huì)認(rèn)為漂亮女子沒(méi)有能力呢？人們認(rèn)為，與不漂亮者相比，漂亮女子更具有女性特點(diǎn)，而漂亮男子則更具有男性特點(diǎn)。所以，漂亮女子從事女子從事的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)時(shí)就具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，而漂亮女子從事男子從事的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)時(shí)看來(lái)則缺乏所需的“男性”特點(diǎn)。
這種情況甚至在政治界也一樣。安?波門最近發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于外貌漂亮對(duì)政治候選人的影響的研究報(bào)告，她說(shuō)：“當(dāng)人們看待某人的唯一依據(jù)只有外貌時(shí)，她們對(duì)男子和女子的態(tài)度是不一樣的。”她要求125名大學(xué)本科學(xué)生把兩組照片按照漂亮的順序進(jìn)行排隊(duì)，一組是男子，一組是女子。她告訴學(xué)生這些都是一些政治職位競(jìng)選人的照片，再要求她們把照片按照他們打算投票的順序進(jìn)行排隊(duì)。
結(jié)果表明，漂亮男子完全擊敗了漂亮女子，但被排在最漂亮之列的那幾名女子一律獲得的票數(shù)最少。
II、英漢翻譯原理第四講：怎樣表達(dá)譯文？
【例61】 Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.
×拂曉已降臨島上，灰色的柔光，許多云彩，景色美極了。這里有透明的光線，它是不能描寫也不能畫(huà)出來(lái)的。
【譯文】 曙色中的海島美極了，晨光熹微，彩云片片，澄徹的光影無(wú)法形容，無(wú)法描畫(huà)。
【例62】 Constant technological advances in soil conservation and livestock production will be required to keep pace with this ever-growing need.
×將需要水土保持與畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)不斷的技術(shù)進(jìn)步以適應(yīng)這種日益增長(zhǎng)的需求。
【譯文】 為了適應(yīng)這種日益增長(zhǎng)的需求，水土保持與畜牧生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)需要不斷進(jìn)步。
一、要擺脫原文語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)的影響：
【例63】 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
×對(duì)歷史研究方法的興趣較少來(lái)自于把歷史作為一門學(xué)科的有效性的外界挑戰(zhàn)，而更多來(lái)自于歷史學(xué)家們內(nèi)部的爭(zhēng)論。
【譯文】 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)科。
【例64】 Distance from the event should make the memories less painful.
×事件的久遠(yuǎn)自然會(huì)減少回憶的痛苦。
【譯文】 時(shí)過(guò)境遷，痛苦的往事自然在記憶中淡漠。
【例65】 Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma（費(fèi)解的事物，謎團(tuán)）about him, except in the minds of lesser men who found it hard to conceive such tenacity of purpose.
【譯文】 也許他身上畢竟沒(méi)有什么不可思議的東西。所謂不可思議，只是那些不如他的人對(duì)他那種堅(jiān)韌不拔的意志感到不可思議而已。
【例66】 It was an elderly woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
【譯文】 他站住，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，定睛一看，是個(gè)年邁婦女，個(gè)子很高，依然一副好身材，雖然受歲月折磨而顯得憔悴。
二、要避免照搬英漢詞典中的釋義：
【例67】 Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When I‘m bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees.
×就像我的朋友一樣，我現(xiàn)在有了一種代替抱怨的東西。當(dāng)我對(duì)生活感到厭倦時(shí)，我就拿出鉛筆到后院去心不在焉地亂涂一個(gè)小時(shí)，試圖畫(huà)出看上去像樹(shù)的樹(shù)木速寫。
【譯文】 同有位朋友一樣，我現(xiàn)在不再抱怨，而是去做一些別的事情。在生活中感到厭倦時(shí)，我就拿起鉛筆，到后院里隨便涂鴉個(gè)把小時(shí)，畫(huà)畫(huà)樹(shù)林的速寫，盡量畫(huà)得看上去像是樹(shù)林。
【例68】 His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.
×他的煩惱經(jīng)不起安靜的良宵美景的感染力。
【譯文】 更深夜靜，美景宜人，他的煩惱不禁煙消云散。
【例69】 But this arms race strained the government‘s principles as well as its budgets.
【譯文】 但是這場(chǎng)軍備競(jìng)賽使政府的原則無(wú)法自圓其說(shuō)，也使其預(yù)算捉襟見(jiàn)肘。
III、課堂練習(xí)（將下列句子譯成漢語(yǔ)，并注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)使譯文盡量通順流暢）：
1. She showered us with telegrams.
2. Your comment is more bravely made than correct.
3. The man, more dead than alive, was brought in and locked in the cellar.
4. Civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.
5. There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
6. It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling of bones in it than friendliness.
7. Hitler‘s mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory: just as at
8. If an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities.
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 她的電報(bào)紛至沓來(lái)。
2. 你的評(píng)論勇敢有余，正確不足。
3. 那人被半死不活地帶進(jìn)地窖關(guān)了起來(lái)。
4. 謙恭不是軟弱，真誠(chéng)總須憑據(jù)。
5. 這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以他們都很滿意。
6. 那是一只干癟冰冷的手，緊緊的一握，只讓人覺(jué)得摸到一把骨頭，并沒(méi)有感受到什么友情。
7. 希特勒犯下的錯(cuò)誤使羅斯福取得了勝利：正如在滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，與其說(shuō)是威靈頓贏了，不如說(shuō)是拿破侖輸了。
8. 如果一名企業(yè)家突然得到他想要的那么多錢，他會(huì)停止經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)呢，還是會(huì)用這筆錢去開(kāi)拓新的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)？歷史表明，企業(yè)家多半會(huì)去開(kāi)拓新的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
V、課外練習(xí)（將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)，注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)使譯文盡量通順流暢）：
If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were country inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years.
Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of
In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it. (384 words)
Unit 8
I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
人們始終認(rèn)為美麗是值得稱贊的。幾乎人人都以為漂亮的人會(huì)比別人幸福健康，婚姻美滿，職業(yè)高尚。個(gè)人事務(wù)咨詢員會(huì)給他們提供更好的求職建議，甚至法官對(duì)漂亮的被告態(tài)度也會(huì)格外溫和。然而，在主管人員中，美麗可成為一種不利因素。
漂亮對(duì)于步步高攀想當(dāng)主管的男子是一種積極因素，但對(duì)于女子卻反而有害。
人們認(rèn)為英俊的男主管比外貌平平者更有誠(chéng)信，認(rèn)為努力和能力是他們成功的原因。
人們以為漂亮的女主管比不漂亮者缺乏誠(chéng)信，她們的成功不是由于能力，而是由于運(yùn)氣之類的因素。
人們覺(jué)得所有不漂亮的女主管比漂亮的女主管更有誠(chéng)信，更有能力。然而，耐人尋味的是，與一夜之間獲得成功的漂亮人士相比，人們認(rèn)為一夜之間獲得成功的不漂亮人士更多地是由于人際關(guān)系，而不是由于能力。
為什么會(huì)認(rèn)為漂亮女子沒(méi)有能力呢？人們認(rèn)為，與不漂亮者相比，漂亮女子更具有女性特點(diǎn)，而漂亮男子則更具有男性特點(diǎn)。所以，漂亮女子從事女子從事的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)時(shí)就具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，而漂亮女子從事男子從事的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)時(shí)看來(lái)則缺乏所需的“男性”特點(diǎn)。
這種情況甚至在政治界也一樣。安?波門最近發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于外貌漂亮對(duì)政治候選人的影響的研究報(bào)告，她說(shuō)：“當(dāng)人們看待某人的唯一依據(jù)只有外貌時(shí)，她們對(duì)男子和女子的態(tài)度是不一樣的。”她要求125名大學(xué)本科學(xué)生把兩組照片按照漂亮的順序進(jìn)行排隊(duì)，一組是男子，一組是女子。她告訴學(xué)生這些都是一些政治職位競(jìng)選人的照片，再要求她們把照片按照他們打算投票的順序進(jìn)行排隊(duì)。
結(jié)果表明，漂亮男子完全擊敗了漂亮女子，但被排在最漂亮之列的那幾名女子一律獲得的票數(shù)最少。
II、英漢翻譯原理第四講：怎樣表達(dá)譯文？
【例61】 Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.
×拂曉已降臨島上，灰色的柔光，許多云彩，景色美極了。這里有透明的光線，它是不能描寫也不能畫(huà)出來(lái)的。
【譯文】 曙色中的海島美極了，晨光熹微，彩云片片，澄徹的光影無(wú)法形容，無(wú)法描畫(huà)。
【例62】 Constant technological advances in soil conservation and livestock production will be required to keep pace with this ever-growing need.
×將需要水土保持與畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)不斷的技術(shù)進(jìn)步以適應(yīng)這種日益增長(zhǎng)的需求。
【譯文】 為了適應(yīng)這種日益增長(zhǎng)的需求，水土保持與畜牧生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)需要不斷進(jìn)步。
一、要擺脫原文語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)的影響：
【例63】 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
×對(duì)歷史研究方法的興趣較少來(lái)自于把歷史作為一門學(xué)科的有效性的外界挑戰(zhàn)，而更多來(lái)自于歷史學(xué)家們內(nèi)部的爭(zhēng)論。
【譯文】 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)科。
【例64】 Distance from the event should make the memories less painful.
×事件的久遠(yuǎn)自然會(huì)減少回憶的痛苦。
【譯文】 時(shí)過(guò)境遷，痛苦的往事自然在記憶中淡漠。
【例65】 Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma（費(fèi)解的事物，謎團(tuán)）about him, except in the minds of lesser men who found it hard to conceive such tenacity of purpose.
【譯文】 也許他身上畢竟沒(méi)有什么不可思議的東西。所謂不可思議，只是那些不如他的人對(duì)他那種堅(jiān)韌不拔的意志感到不可思議而已。
【例66】 It was an elderly woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
【譯文】 他站住，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，定睛一看，是個(gè)年邁婦女，個(gè)子很高，依然一副好身材，雖然受歲月折磨而顯得憔悴。
二、要避免照搬英漢詞典中的釋義：
【例67】 Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When I‘m bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees.
×就像我的朋友一樣，我現(xiàn)在有了一種代替抱怨的東西。當(dāng)我對(duì)生活感到厭倦時(shí)，我就拿出鉛筆到后院去心不在焉地亂涂一個(gè)小時(shí)，試圖畫(huà)出看上去像樹(shù)的樹(shù)木速寫。
【譯文】 同有位朋友一樣，我現(xiàn)在不再抱怨，而是去做一些別的事情。在生活中感到厭倦時(shí)，我就拿起鉛筆，到后院里隨便涂鴉個(gè)把小時(shí)，畫(huà)畫(huà)樹(shù)林的速寫，盡量畫(huà)得看上去像是樹(shù)林。
【例68】 His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.
×他的煩惱經(jīng)不起安靜的良宵美景的感染力。
【譯文】 更深夜靜，美景宜人，他的煩惱不禁煙消云散。
【例69】 But this arms race strained the government‘s principles as well as its budgets.
【譯文】 但是這場(chǎng)軍備競(jìng)賽使政府的原則無(wú)法自圓其說(shuō)，也使其預(yù)算捉襟見(jiàn)肘。
III、課堂練習(xí)（將下列句子譯成漢語(yǔ)，并注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)使譯文盡量通順流暢）：
1. She showered us with telegrams.
2. Your comment is more bravely made than correct.
3. The man, more dead than alive, was brought in and locked in the cellar.
4. Civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.
5. There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
6. It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling of bones in it than friendliness.
7. Hitler‘s mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory: just as at
8. If an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities.
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 她的電報(bào)紛至沓來(lái)。
2. 你的評(píng)論勇敢有余，正確不足。
3. 那人被半死不活地帶進(jìn)地窖關(guān)了起來(lái)。
4. 謙恭不是軟弱，真誠(chéng)總須憑據(jù)。
5. 這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以他們都很滿意。
6. 那是一只干癟冰冷的手，緊緊的一握，只讓人覺(jué)得摸到一把骨頭，并沒(méi)有感受到什么友情。
7. 希特勒犯下的錯(cuò)誤使羅斯福取得了勝利：正如在滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，與其說(shuō)是威靈頓贏了，不如說(shuō)是拿破侖輸了。
8. 如果一名企業(yè)家突然得到他想要的那么多錢，他會(huì)停止經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)呢，還是會(huì)用這筆錢去開(kāi)拓新的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)？歷史表明，企業(yè)家多半會(huì)去開(kāi)拓新的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
V、課外練習(xí)（將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)，注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)使譯文盡量通順流暢）：
If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were country inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years.
Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of
In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it. (384 words)
Unit 9
I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
如果在11世紀(jì)作一項(xiàng)職業(yè)調(diào)查的話，也許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，竟有90％的人住在農(nóng)村，依靠農(nóng)耕、放牧、捕魚(yú)或采伐謀生。當(dāng)時(shí)如果拍下一張航攝照片的話，可以看到未經(jīng)鋪設(shè)的道路連接的散落村子，中間隔著一片片的森林或沼澤。也有幾座城鎮(zhèn)，但人口很少有超過(guò)一萬(wàn)的。在14世紀(jì)中葉再拍一張照片，可以看到村子的數(shù)目多了，分布也廣了，因?yàn)闅W洲人開(kāi)辟了新的定居地區(qū)，從而拓展了疆域。道路上和江海上往來(lái)的人多了，他們把糧食或原料運(yùn)往城鎮(zhèn)。城鎮(zhèn)的數(shù)目多了，規(guī)模大了，重要性也增加了。但是，如果在1450年前后拍一張照片的話，就會(huì)看到在此以前的幾百年間幾乎沒(méi)有繼續(xù)發(fā)展。
要想描寫這幾百年間農(nóng)村的情形無(wú)法做到，困難有二。首先，我們必須觀察的是歐洲375萬(wàn)平方英里的大部分地區(qū)，而不僅僅是地中海一帶地方。其次，這一廣闊地區(qū)的居民無(wú)法用我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式去進(jìn)行劃分，他們也不是一成不變。
1450年時(shí)可能大多歐洲人住在村落里，但有些地區(qū)山陵起伏，缺少沃土，或者砍伐過(guò)度，村落難以維持，只有一些孤獨(dú)的牧民集居于此。有些地區(qū)通往集市的交通較其他地區(qū)方便，因而從事商業(yè)性農(nóng)業(yè)多于單一耕作。大土地主比小地主更有可能對(duì)其地產(chǎn)，尤其是其領(lǐng)地，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化的管理－－而且作了記載，使我們得以從中了解有關(guān)本課題的大部分情況。有些地區(qū)沒(méi)有實(shí)施過(guò)多少封建統(tǒng)治，農(nóng)民很少受到領(lǐng)主的管轄，甚至很少受到地主的管轄。有些地區(qū)是新定居地，對(duì)租地戶提供寬松的租賃條件來(lái)吸引他們開(kāi)墾荒地。最后一點(diǎn)是時(shí)代因素：作為12到15世紀(jì)時(shí)期特征的發(fā)展和繁榮所產(chǎn)生并具有的種種條件，并不適合在此之前的動(dòng)蕩歲月，也不適合在此之后的貧乏年代。
II、英漢翻譯原理第四講：怎樣表達(dá)譯文？（續(xù)）
二、要避免照搬英漢詞典的釋義：（續(xù)）
【例70】 The team is famous for its arsenal of veteran players.
【譯文】 這個(gè)球隊(duì)擁有眾多經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老隊(duì)員，很有名氣。
【例71】 These new shoes squeak.
【譯文】 這雙新鞋走起路來(lái)咯吱咯吱響。
三、要充分運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)獨(dú)特的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)：
【例72】 Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.
×無(wú)論你想吃什么東西，只要告訴我。
【譯文】 想吃什么，只要告訴我。
【例73】 Even if you go there, there wouldn‘t be any result.
×即使你去了，也不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果。
【譯文】 你去了也是白去。
【例74】 I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield -- I love it, because I have lived in it a full and delightful life -- momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have nor been burned with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face with what I reverence, with what I delight in -- with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with terror and anguish to feel I absolutely must be torn from you for ever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.
【譯文】 離開(kāi)桑菲爾德，我黯然神傷：我愛(ài)此地－－因?yàn)榇说卦羞^(guò)一段充實(shí)愉悅的日子－－至少曾短時(shí)間有過(guò)。我沒(méi)有遭人踐踏，沒(méi)有變得麻木，沒(méi)有埋沒(méi)于小人堆里，沒(méi)有脫離過(guò)明媚燦爛、生機(jī)勃勃、高尚脫俗的一切，始終與之息息相通。在此曾經(jīng)與一位十分崇敬、樂(lè)意與之交談的人－－一位思想獨(dú)創(chuàng)、精力充沛、心胸開(kāi)闊的人－－直面傾談。羅切斯特先生，與你相識(shí)了，卻又一定要與你永遠(yuǎn)分離，想到此處令我既感恐懼又覺(jué)痛楚，猶如面對(duì)必將來(lái)臨的死亡。
【例75】 Wounded as he was, it was wonderful how fast he could move, his grizzled hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself red with his haste and fury.
【譯文】 他雖然受了傷， 動(dòng)作卻快得出奇，斑白的頭發(fā)披散在臉前，臉也因氣急敗壞而漲得通紅。
【例76】 As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honour for his valour; and death for his ambition.
【譯文】 因?yàn)閯P撒愛(ài)我，我為他哭泣；因?yàn)樗疫\(yùn)，我為他高興；因?yàn)樗⒂?，我?duì)他尊崇；但因?yàn)樗幸靶模揖痛虤⒘怂?。用眼淚匯報(bào)他的愛(ài)；用歡樂(lè)慶祝他的幸運(yùn)；用尊崇紀(jì)念他的英勇；而用刺殺制止他的野心。
【例77】 A big nation has its problems while a small nation has its advantages.
【譯文】 大國(guó)有大國(guó)的問(wèn)題，小國(guó)有小國(guó)的好處。
【例78】 Foreign intervention will thus find justification.
×外國(guó)的干涉因此而找到正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛伞?/span>
【譯文】 外國(guó)的干涉因此而名正言順。
【例79】 He spoke with firmness, but his face was very sad and his eyes were dim.
×他講得很堅(jiān)定，但臉色很凄傷，雙眼閃出悲觀的神情。
【譯文】 他講話時(shí)語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)定，但面帶愁容，眼神暗淡。
【例80】 He was but a man with many grey hairs, with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries.
×他已是長(zhǎng)了許多灰發(fā)、肩負(fù)重任、心中充滿思考和憂慮的人。
【譯文】 他已是鬢發(fā)斑白，肩負(fù)重任，思緒萬(wàn)千，焦慮滿懷。
【例81】 Gathering facts, confirming then, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings -- this is all the work of science.
×收集資料，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行論證，提出理論，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，加上對(duì)研究成果進(jìn)行歸納整理－－這就是全部的科學(xué)工作。
【譯文】 收集資料，論證資料，提出理論，檢驗(yàn)理論，并對(duì)研究成果進(jìn)行歸納整理－－這就是科學(xué)工作的全部?jī)?nèi)容。
III、課堂練習(xí)（將以下句子譯成漢語(yǔ)，并注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)優(yōu)勢(shì)使譯文盡量通順流暢）：
1. He intends to take an action in grand style.
2. He arrived on Sunday night, tired and dusty.
3. This type of marriage is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness.
4. The nation‘s tradition, its instincts, and its interest make it opposed to
5. Education suggests both the process and the result of developing the mind‘s capacity and scope.
6. Small talk is what friends make when standing around doing nothing. Small talk serves as a good ice breaker when people do not know each other.
7. Primary commodities constitute the determining factor of employment, income, living standards and government development expenditure in the vast majority of developing countries.
8. Under the moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans‘ ends -- valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right.
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 他想轟轟烈烈地大干一場(chǎng)。
2. 他星期日晚上到了，風(fēng)塵仆仆，精疲力竭，
3. 這種婚姻關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)是沖突不斷、關(guān)系緊張、怨恨不已。
4. 該民族的歷史傳統(tǒng)、民族本能和民眾愛(ài)好都使其與德國(guó)勢(shì)不兩立。
5. 教育同時(shí)意味著培養(yǎng)智能和拓展視野的過(guò)程和結(jié)果。
6. 朋友們相聚無(wú)所事事的時(shí)候會(huì)閑談，陌生人見(jiàn)面為打破沉寂的時(shí)候也會(huì)閑談。
7. 初級(jí)商品對(duì)于大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家都是關(guān)系到就業(yè)收入、生活水平和政府發(fā)展費(fèi)用的決定性因素。
8. 按照這一道德戒律，我們應(yīng)規(guī)避克隆人的做法，因?yàn)檫@種做法必然會(huì)造成把人作為他人達(dá)到目的的手段，把人看作一個(gè)個(gè)所愛(ài)之人的復(fù)制品，或者看作一組組的人體器官，而不是看作一個(gè)個(gè)具有獨(dú)立人格的人。
V、課外練習(xí)（正確理解下列短文，并將其譯成漢語(yǔ)）：
Science finds order and meaning in our experience, and sets about this in quite a different way. It sets about it as
In the year 1665, when
What struck the young
There and then he calculated what force from the earth would hold the moon, and compared it with the known force of gravity at tree height. The forces agreed;
Unit 10
I、上次課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
科學(xué)從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的法則和意義，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法判然不同?？茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法就如牛頓在晚年的自述中所講述的方法，而這種方法在教科書(shū)里只有夸張的描述。
1665年牛頓22歲的時(shí)候，英格蘭南部瘟疫爆發(fā)，劍橋大學(xué)關(guān)門了。于是以后的18個(gè)月牛頓就在家里度過(guò)。正值渴求知識(shí)之時(shí)卻脫離了傳統(tǒng)方式的學(xué)習(xí)。用他本人的話說(shuō)，“當(dāng)時(shí)我正處于發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的大好年華。”帶著這種孩子氣的迫切心情，有一天他坐在寡母的園子里，看到一只蘋果掉落下來(lái)。
年輕的牛頓看到蘋果掉落時(shí)，想到的不是蘋果一定受到地球引力的作用而落到地面，那種想法早在牛頓之前就有了。他想到的是，到達(dá)樹(shù)梢的這一地球引力有可能超越地球和大氣層，繼續(xù)向外延伸到漫無(wú)止境的空間。地球引力可能傳到月球。這才是牛頓的新想法；也許正是地球引力才保持月球在軌道上的運(yùn)行。
牛頓當(dāng)即測(cè)算了地球要吸引住月球需要多大的力，并將其與果樹(shù)高度的已知地球引力作了比較。兩種力是一致的。牛頓扼要地說(shuō)道：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)答案十分接近。”然而，兩者之間只是接近而已：相似與接近是不可分割的，因?yàn)闆](méi)有一種相似是絕對(duì)精確的。正是從牛頓的科學(xué)中現(xiàn)代科學(xué)才得到了充分的發(fā)展。
II、英漢翻譯原理第四講：怎樣表達(dá)譯文：（續(xù)）
四、要完整無(wú)遺地傳達(dá)原文的意義：
【例82】 Before we can learn to appreciate those different from us, we must open our hearts to tolerance.
×在我們學(xué)會(huì)正確評(píng)價(jià)與自己不同的人之前，我們必須胸襟開(kāi)闊，能夠忍讓。
【譯文】 我們要心胸開(kāi)闊，善于忍讓，才能學(xué)會(huì)正確評(píng)價(jià)與自己不同的人。
【例83】 Any person not leaving litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of ￡5.
×凡不往這個(gè)簍內(nèi)扔雜物者罰款5鎊。
【譯文】 雜物須扔入簍內(nèi)，凡亂扔者罰款5鎊。
【例84】 At the sight of Napoleon, the young Frenchman clicked his heels together.
×年青的法國(guó)人一見(jiàn)到拿破侖就把兩只腳跟喀嚓并在一起。
【譯文】 年青的法國(guó)士兵一見(jiàn)拿破侖就兩腳喀嚓一聲并攏，立正敬禮。
五、遣字造句要結(jié)合和借鑒語(yǔ)景：
【例85】 If a heavy body is to be lifted to a certain height, work must be done, or energy expended, equal to the weight of the body multiplied by the height through which it is raised.
【譯文】 如果把重物舉到一定高度，一定要做功或者消耗能；而這個(gè)功或能就等于物體重量乘以物體舉起的高度。
【例86】 Sony‘s $3.4 billion deal for Columbia Pictures marks Japan‘s biggest U.S. takeover ever -- and adds to fears that it is "buying America" and taking an invincible lead in trade and technology.
【譯文】 索尼公司用34億美元買下了哥掄比亞電影公司，這是迄今為止日本對(duì)美國(guó)一筆金額最大的收購(gòu)，而且使人們更加擔(dān)心日本正在“收購(gòu)美國(guó)”，正在貿(mào)易和技術(shù)方面不可阻擋地發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。
【例87】 The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders
【譯文】 美國(guó)大陸東起大西洋西至太平洋，橫跨4,500公里。北與加拿大接壤，南與墨西哥和墨西哥彎毗鄰。
【例88】 Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths so that no one else can find out for whom a citizen is voting.
【譯文】 選票不記名，由選民在隔離的投票站里圈出被選舉人，別人無(wú)法知道哪一位公民投了誰(shuí)的票。
【例89】 That the vitamin is sensitive to light was recognized only later.
×維生素感光只是后來(lái)承認(rèn)的。
【譯文】 人們只是到后來(lái)才認(rèn)識(shí)到維生素的光敏作用。
六、要善于運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧：
【例90】 A change in the operating frequency is easily accomplished by operating a switch installed on a monitoring alarm.
【譯文】 操作監(jiān)視告警器上的開(kāi)關(guān)，工作頻率就會(huì)自然產(chǎn)生變化。
III、課堂練習(xí)（將以下句子譯成漢語(yǔ)，譯文表達(dá)應(yīng)通順流暢）：
1. The government left its policy open to various interpretations.
2. To see his likeness perpetuated in marble is to me today a sad but pleasing sensation.
3. I suppose he will be awfully proud, and that I shall be treated most contemptuously. Still I must bear my hard lot as well as I can.
4. The longest life and the shortest amount to the same. For the present is of equal duration for all, and what we lose is not ours.
5. Many Londoners believe that the city needs to have all its transport requirements looked at together to ensure that the entire transport system works as a single, efficient unit.
6. Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-manufacture it, and this made it available to the ordinary man.
7. The Labour government says that the private sector should take most, but not all, of the responsibility for public transport. In
8. It‘s raining, again. As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks, and a chill from within fills me with dread. It‘s raining, again.
IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1. 政府聽(tīng)任人們對(duì)其政策作各種解釋。
2. 今天看到了他永垂不朽的大理石雕像，我悲喜交集。
3. 我猜他準(zhǔn)是傲氣十足，不把我放在眼里。盡管如此，我也只好盡量逆來(lái)順受了。
4. 最長(zhǎng)壽和最短暫的人生是相同的，因?yàn)槟壳斑@段時(shí)間對(duì)所有人來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣長(zhǎng)，時(shí)間一旦失去就不再屬于我們。
5. 許多倫敦人認(rèn)為，倫敦需要對(duì)全部交通需求作通盤考慮，從而確保整個(gè)交通系統(tǒng)成為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一高效的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)。
6. 汽車不是亨利?福特發(fā)明的，但他卻是大批量生產(chǎn)汽車的第一人，從而使普通老百姓能夠擁有汽車。
7. 工黨政府說(shuō)，私營(yíng)企業(yè)應(yīng)承擔(dān)起公共交通的大部分業(yè)務(wù)，而不是全部業(yè)務(wù)。這項(xiàng)政策可能首先在當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q作“Tube”的倫敦地鐵系統(tǒng)付諸實(shí)施。
8. 天，又下雨了。我躺在床上睡不著，聽(tīng)著雨點(diǎn)劈里啪啦地打著路面，思緒萬(wàn)千，恍恍惚惚地走進(jìn)了幽暗的通道，腦際浮現(xiàn)出許多痛苦的往事，心里一陣冰涼，不由得毛骨悚然。天，又下雨了。
V、課外練習(xí)（將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)，注意譯文表達(dá)的通順流暢）：
It was a bleak, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn‘s house. But she had insisted that I come see something at the top of the mountain.
Turning down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge blackgreen evergreens towered over. Gradually the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind. Then we turned a corner -- and I stopped and gasped in amazement.
From the top of the mountain, sloping for several acres across folds and valleys, were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom. A profusion of color -- from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid salmon -- blazed like a carpet before us. It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside.
A riot of questions filled my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?
As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign: ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS I KNOW YOU ARE ASKING. The first answer was: ONE WOMAN -- TWO HANDS, TWO FEET AND VERY LITTLE BRAIN. The second was: ONE AT A TIME. The third: STARTED IN 1958.
As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen I could scarcely speak. "She changed the world," I finally said, "one bulb at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it." The wonder of it would not let me go. "Imagine," I said, "if I‘d had a vision and worked at it, jut a little bit every day, what might have I accomplished?" (299 words)
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