一、復(fù)合不定代詞是什么?
復(fù)合不定代詞是由兩部分組成,表示不明確對(duì)象的代詞。
二、復(fù)合不定代詞有哪些?
復(fù)合不定代詞都是由every(每一)、some(某一)、any(任一)、no(無(wú)一)和body(人)、one(人)、thing(事物)的相互組合,分別是:
everybody(每一人)、everyone(每一人)、everything(每一事物);
somebody(某人,舉足輕重的人、名人)、someone(某人)、something(某物);
anybody(任何人),anyone(任何人),anything(任何事物);
nobody(沒(méi)有人,一文不名的人,無(wú)名小卒)、no one(沒(méi)有人)、nothing(沒(méi)有事物)。
三、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法注意事項(xiàng):
1.some-類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞和any-類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別。
和some、any的用法一樣,some-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞,一般用在肯定句中;any-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞,一般用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。當(dāng)然,no-類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞本身就表示否定。
I have someting to tell you.我有事要告訴你。(肯定句)
Do you have anythng to tell me?你有什么事和我說(shuō)嗎?(疑問(wèn)句)
Somebody/Someone is knocking at the door.有人敲門(mén)。(肯定句)
There isn't anything in the room.房間里什么都沒(méi)有。=There is nothing in the room.(否定句)
注意1:在希望得到肯定答案的委婉的疑問(wèn)句中,也要用some-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞(somebody/someone/something),這個(gè)用法和some也是一樣的。例如:
Would you like something to eat?你想吃點(diǎn)什么嗎?
這樣的句型通常有以下幾類(lèi):
表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句:
Could you ....?你能....嗎?
May I.....?我可以....嗎?
Would/Do you mind+(my)doing?你介意(我)....嗎?
表示建議的疑問(wèn)句:
Would you like ......?你想要.....嗎?
What/How about ......?.....怎么樣?
Why don't we/you .......?=Why not.....?為什么不......?
注意2:any-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何...”的意思。例如:
Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.湯姆比他班里其他任何人都高。
2.主謂一致。
復(fù)合不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Something is wrong with my watch.我的手表出毛病了。
Is everybody here?大家都到齊了嗎?
3.定語(yǔ)后置。
當(dāng)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),要放在不定代詞之后。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。(此句中important作定語(yǔ)修飾something)
4.復(fù)合不定代詞的替代問(wèn)題。
上文中的含有-one、-body這類(lèi)指人的復(fù)合不定代詞,下文可以用he/him/his代替,非正式文中也可以用復(fù)數(shù)they/them/their代替。
上文中的含有-thing的這類(lèi)指物的復(fù)合不定代詞,下文中用it代替。
If anyone comes,please let him wait for a moment.如果有人來(lái),請(qǐng)讓他等一會(huì)。
Everybody knows that,doesn't he?(或don't they?)大家都知道這件事,是吧?
5.復(fù)合不定代詞的所有格問(wèn)題。
除了包含--thing的復(fù)合不定代詞外,其它的復(fù)合不定代詞都可以加’s變成所有格;注意:如果復(fù)合不定代詞后面帶有else,則在else上加's變成所有格。
Everybody's business is nobody's business.大家的事沒(méi)人管。
This isn't my book.It must be someone else's.這不是我的書(shū),它一定是別人的。
6.關(guān)于復(fù)合不定代詞的全部否定和部分否定。
復(fù)合不定代詞的全部否定:大家都知道,no=not.....any,表示否定,而且是全部否定。復(fù)合不定代詞的全部否定也是這樣,nobody=not....anybody,no one=not....anyone,nothing=not....anything表示全部否定。
例如:I don't know anything about it.=I know nothing about it.關(guān)于此事我一無(wú)所知。
復(fù)合不定代詞的部分否定:not everybody(并非所有人)、not everyone(并非所有人)、not everything(并非所有事物)。例如:
I know most of the students,but I don't know everyone.我認(rèn)識(shí)大部分學(xué)生,但是我不認(rèn)識(shí)所以的學(xué)生。
Not everybody likes playing basketball.不是所有人都喜歡打籃球。
7.連寫(xiě)和分寫(xiě)區(qū)別很大。
someone,anyone,everyone,no one,都只能指“人”,而且不能與表示范圍的of短語(yǔ)連用。
some one,any one,every one,none,則既能指“人”又能指“物”,而且能與表示范圍的of短語(yǔ)連用。
注意:回答 who問(wèn)句一般用 no one或nobody;回答how many問(wèn)句一般用 none;回答what問(wèn)句一般用nothing。例如:
--Who was absent? --No one(nobody). 誰(shuí)缺席了?誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有缺席。
--How many students are there in the meeting room now? --None. 會(huì)議室里現(xiàn)在有多少學(xué)生?一個(gè)都沒(méi)有。
--What's in your pocket?--Nothing.你口袋里有什么?什么都沒(méi)有。
8.特別含義:somebody還可以指“重要人物,大人物”,而nobody則還有“無(wú)關(guān)緊要的人,小人物”的意思。做題時(shí)一定要通過(guò)上下文讀懂意思。
四、真題檢測(cè):
1.---Hi,boys and girls.Is _____here?---No,sir.Tom is absent.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
2.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nobody
3.It's lunch time.I'd like to eat______.
A. anything special B. something special C. special anything D. special something
4.Everything?goes?well,?______?
A.?is?it B.?isn’t?it C.?do?they D. doesn’t it
5.--- Who’s in the classroom? ? --- ______.
A.None B.No one C.Anyone
6._____ of them can speak Chinese.
A.None B.No one C.Anyone
7.---How many dogs are there in the picture?---_____.
A.None B.No one C.Anyone
8.---What can you see in the dark room?---_____.
A.None B.No one C.Anyone D.Nothing
9.She is a super star and very popular.But she was a nobody ten years ago.
句子nobody的意思是_______。
A. a famous person B. an unknown person C. an important person
10.改錯(cuò):Anything is not wrong with your car.(?)
應(yīng)改成:_____ ____ _____ with your car.(?)
參考答案:1C2C3B4D5B 6A7A8D9B10Nothing is wrong
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